A/HRC/28/64 Online, 2012-2014”, which aims to equip young people with competences to recognize and act against hate speech, racism and discrimination in their online expression. 83. The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, established in 2005, is a United Nations entity tasked to assist in diminishing hostility and promoting harmony among nations in order to prevent conflict and promote social cohesion. The Alliance has engaged in media and information literacy initiatives to teach media consumers how to critically interpret information received. Those initiatives include a media and information literacy clearing house (milunesco.unaoc.org), the creation of a global network of universities, and the coordination of workshops for educators and publications. 84. In April 2014, Rwanda Media High Council, in partnership with the African Media Initiative and the Ethical Journalism Network, launched the campaign “Turning the Page of Hate Media in Africa”, coinciding with the 20th anniversary of the genocide. The campaign aims to promote ethical, tolerant and inclusive journalism, good media governance and responsible communications through the open information landscape, and includes a guideline document to test for hate speech in journalism practices. B. Establishment of specialized institutions 85. Dedicated institutional attention to minority issues, including monitoring and responding to hatred targeted against minorities, is essential to prevent atrocities and reinforce unity and stability. This is even more important following violence or conflict, as part of transitional justice and reconciliation processes. 86. During the disputed presidential elections in Kenya in 2007, violence, triggered by hate speech and incitement to hatred by political and religious leaders in the media, left more than 1,000 people dead and half a million displaced. As a result, Kenya established the National Cohesion and Integration Commission, tasked to promote ethnic harmony and investigate complaints of ethnic or racial discrimination or any issue affecting ethnic and racial relations. The Commission has been tackling hate speech through action, including the development of guidelines for media outlets, training manuals for law enforcement officers, workshops and conferences. C. Promotion of ethical standards, regulatory bodies and participation of minorities in media outlets 87. Media outlets can actively engage in fighting incitement to hatred and violence in the media by adopting principles and guidelines of ethical and responsible journalism to improve the quality of information and reporting to avoid bias, prejudice and manipulation, as well as by promoting diversity among media workers and investing in adequate training for media professionals. 88. In April 2014, the International Federation of Journalists adopted the “Brussels Declaration”33 to combat incitement to hate and violence through media. The Declaration made recommendations to journalists and their unions aimed at upholding the principles and ethics of responsible journalism, including denouncing incitement to hatred whenever identified, ensuring knowledge of codes and guidelines by media workers, promoting education and training of journalists as well as encouraging diversity in media outlets. 33 18 See www.ifj.org/nc/news-single-view/backpid/191/article/ifj-conference-agrees-declaration-to-standup-against-hate-speech/.