A/HRC/60/66 jointly with Indigenous partners will establish a comprehensive approach to support First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples in achieving their data sovereignty goals.88 78. In New Zealand, the Māori Data Governance Model was designed by Māori data experts for use across the public service.89 The demand for data-driven and evidence-based decision-making has increased the collection, sharing, analysis and reuse of Māori data by government agencies, but without clear policies or guidance that place Māori values and priorities at the centre. Te Kāhui Raraunga stresses that a large amount of Māori data remains controlled externally to Māori communities and that the operationalization of the data governance model remains limited, particularly in government settings.90 79. The Indigenous ombudspersons in four regions of the Russian Federation collect and analyse, in a culturally appropriate way, data on the compliance of health, education, transportation, economic and social support policies with national and subnational laws and make recommendations for legal and practical reform.91 80. At the international level, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in coordination with the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs and the Asian Indigenous Peoples Pact, is developing guidelines on the co-creation of knowledge and ethical engagement with Indigenous Peoples, to promote and uphold Indigenous Peoples’ rights in data generation and use. The guidelines will be shared with Indigenous Peoples for their endorsement to ensure that they are involved and that their views are considered in the process.92 VIII. Role of Indigenous women in data 81. Indigenous women face multiple, intersecting layers of systemic vulnerabilities and disadvantages; 93 being a woman and being Indigenous results in disproportionately high levels of discrimination in respect of healthcare, education and economic opportunities, inter alia. Women face an unbalanced duty of care towards their families and the community, which may further impact their right to self-identification and self-determination.94 Women tend to be the bearers of intergenerational knowledge, culture and practical experiences.95 82. Addressing the challenges faced by Indigenous women requires a multifaceted approach, combining policy reforms, targeted interventions, and community engagement and empowerment. By highlighting disparities and areas of concern, data ensure that Indigenous women receive adequate resources and support. This requires a collaborative effort, involving States, Indigenous Peoples and non-government organizations, to create a supportive and inclusive environment for advancing Indigenous women and their rights.96 83. The Food and Agriculture Organization, in its publication entitled “Indigenous women, daughters of Mother Earth”, highlights the persistent lack of accurate and disaggregated data as a contributor to the invisibility of Indigenous women. This leads to gaps in research and information, subsequently affecting policies and programmes that can address the root causes of the challenges faced.97 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 GE.25-12012 Submission from Canada. See https://www.kahuiraraunga.io/maoridatagovernance. Submission from Te Kāhui Raraunga. Submission from the Commissioner for the Rights of Numerically Small Indigenous Peoples in Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russian Federation (in Russian). Presentation by Yon Fernández-de-Larrinoa, expert seminar, December 2024. Submissions from Indigenous Peoples Rights International and the Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador (in Spanish), and from Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST) University. Presentation by Tasha Hohaia, expert seminar, December 2024. See also the submission from Broken Chalk. Presentation by Tatiana Dyatlova (in Russian), expert seminar, December 2024. Presentation by Juhi Priyanka Horo, expert seminar, December 2024. See https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cb0719en. 13