A/HRC/60/66 systems) by recognizing Indigenous Peoples’ rights, interests and control over their data. This is also seen in the Māori data sovereignty project in New Zealand, which upholds the tradition of sovereignty by grounding Māori rights in the collection, ownership and application of their own data.76 71. Indigenous sovereignty networks have been established in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America.77 In Australia, there is the Maiam Nayri Wingara Indigenous Data Sovereignty Collective; 78 in Canada, the First Nations Information Governance Centre 79 and the British Columbia First Nations Regional Information Governance Centre; 80 and in the United States, the United States Indigenous Data Sovereignty Network.81 72. While national Indigenous data sovereignty networks are best placed to respond to and advance data sovereignty, a global alliance to advocate for and advance a shared vision for Indigenous data sovereignty was needed, and the Global Indigenous Data Alliance (GIDA) was therefore created. 82 The GIDA-Sápmi network, an extension of the Global Indigenous Data Alliance, is represented by academics and non-academics from Finland, Norway and Sweden, and promotes the use of the CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance to achieve Sami data sovereignty and data governance for research data.83 73. Released in September 2019, the CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance set minimum expectations for guiding the inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in data governance across governments’, institutions’, corporations’ and organizations’ data ecosystems. The CARE Principles have been affirmed or adopted by influential data actors, and more recently, the Global Indigenous Data Alliance has produced a primer on Indigenous Peoples’ rights in data, which draws a distinction between rights relating to data for Indigenous governance, and rights relating to the governance of Indigenous data.84 74. In 2024, the Saami Council adopted the Sami Ownership and Data Access principles, which are based on the CARE Principles. The purpose of these principles is to ensure that the Sami people and their representative institutions have the ability to control and administer data that they have been involved in producing.85 75. In Australia, an example can be seen in the publication by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies of the Code of Ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research, in 2020, to ensure that research with and about Indigenous Peoples in Australia involves meaningful engagement and reciprocity between the researcher and the individuals involved.86 76. Botswana has initiated dialogues with the San people to explore how they can benefit from the documentation of their culture and language through digital platforms, while retaining ownership and control over their data.87 77. Statistics Canada participates in the governmental working group on Indigenous data, which includes all federal departments and agencies and coordinates efforts on issues related to Indigenous data sovereignty. This working group supports a whole-of-government approach to implementing shared priority 30 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act Action Plan. In addition, the 2023–2026 data strategy for the federal public service emphasizes the importance of Indigenous data sovereignty as a priority for supporting Indigenous self-determination. Over the next three years, initiatives developed 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 12 Submission from IT for Change. Presentation by Tahu Kukutai, expert seminar, December 2024. See https://www.maiamnayriwingara.org/. See https://fnigc.ca/. See https://www.bcfndgi.com/data-governance/. See https://usindigenousdatanetwork.org/. See https://www.gida-global.org/whoweare. Submission from GIDA-Sápmi. See https://www.gida-global.org/data-rights. Submission from the Saami Council. Submission from Lynne Stuart. See also https://aiatsis.gov.au/research/ethical-research/code-ethics. Presentation by Ivan Vaalbooi, expert seminar, December 2024. GE.25-12012