CRC/C/DZA/CO/3-4 (d) The high level of women’s and youth unemployment and the low representation of women in leadership positions which configure an overall situation of disempowerment of women and children. 62. The Committee urges the State party to strengthen its efforts to eradicate poverty and to this end, address the root causes and structural determinants of poverty. The Committee also urges the State party: (a) To take all the necessary measures, including affirmative action policies to address the economic disparities which affect rural regions and urban suburbs and lead to unequal enjoyment by children of the rights enshrined in the Convention; (b) To assess the impact of its social-protection programmes and review them to ensure that they are sustainable and give priority to children in the most vulnerable and disadvantaged situations; (c) To ensure that families of disappeared persons are no longer obliged to prove the death of their disappeared relative to obtain social security benefits; and (d) To take all the necessary measures to increase employment opportunities for women and youth and the number of women in leadership positions in order to keep families out of poverty in a sustainable manner. F. Education, leisure and cultural activities (arts. 28, 29 and 31 of the Convention) Education, including vocational training and guidance 63. The Committee notes as positive the significant increase in the primary education enrolment rate (98 per cent in 2007). The Committee also welcomes Education Act No. 0804 of 23 January 2008 which provides, inter alia, that education is compulsory for all girls and boys between the age of 6 and 16 years, the significant efforts to develop early childhood programmes, the strategy launched in 2009 to eliminate illiteracy by 2015 and the significant progress made to realize girls’ right to education. The Committee is however concerned that: (a) There are significant regional disparities in access to education, some Wilayas such as Djelfa and Mila being particularly disadvantaged; (b) Ten (10) per cent of education costs at primary level and 21 per cent at secondary level are paid by households; (c) Primary school enrolment, although at a high level, has been decreasing over the past years and fewer than 50 per cent of primary school students reach the secondary level; (d) One third of girls and about one fifth of boys aged 10 are illiterate; (e) The quality of school education remains low and school drop-out is at high levels at secondary level. The insufficient training as well as the precarious contractual status and salaries of a significant proportion of teachers negatively affect the quality of the educational system; (f) Textbooks still include negative or patriarchal stereotypes; and (g) Teaching of written or spoken Berber languages in the State party’s schools remains unavailable in most of the State party’s schools despite the guarantee contained in the 2008 Education Act. 15