A/HRC/17/33/Add.3
any financial support or other services such as free health care and lunches to nonaccredited schools. Thus, foreign schools must rely exclusively on financial contributions
by parents, which amount to approximately 45,000 yen per month. While miscellaneous
schools receive some financial support through local governments, it appears that such
support is limited compared to the support Japanese schools and Western schools receive,
notably in terms of tax exemptions and subsidies. Second, qualifications acquired at foreign
schools are not recognized as equivalent to those acquired at accredited schools, which
creates disadvantages for migrant children when they seek to transfer or take national
examinations to enter Japanese schools. While a 2003 reform granted access to university
entrance examinations to graduates of foreign schools, graduates from schools for those
from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea have been excluded, because of political
reasons linked to the lack of diplomatic recognition of that country. As a consequence,
these students are severely discriminated against: their access to university is not
guaranteed and depends on discretion by each university.
66.
Furthermore, the Government does not ensure that Japanese classes are provided to
children in foreign schools, which has serious consequences for their integration. For
example, graduates from Brazilian schools have difficulties in entering Japanese high
schools, as they must succeed in a written entrance examination in Japanese or English.
67.
Access to high school is also limited for migrant children who have just arrived in
Japan. If they are older than the compulsory education age of 15 years and have completed
nine years of compulsory education, they are not allowed to enter junior high school. In
order to enter high school, they need to pass the entrance examination. However, no
training opportunity is provided by the Government to these children in order to prepare for
the examination: in Tokyo, for example, only a NGO, the Multicultural Centre Tokyo,
provides this specific training in preparing for the entrance examination.
68.
As a result, many migrant children cannot attend high school and find themselves
without any educational opportunity. A good initiative in this regard is the establishment of
“special screening” exams for foreign students in the Prefectural Kadoma Namihaya High
School in Osaka: the exam subjects are lighter and other special conditions can apply, such
as the use of dictionaries. Thanks to this, the city of Osaka has the highest success rate of
foreign students entering high schools in Japan.
69.
The Special Rapporteur was also informed that migrant children with disabilities or
in need of psychological assistance do not receive adequate support. Migrant parents have
difficulties in obtaining the financial support to which they are entitled for their disabled
children, and children who require urgent psychological attention must wait eight months to
one year in order to receive it.
L.
Discrimination in employment
70.
The Special Rapporteur received repeated complaints in relation to open
discrimination against migrant workers by their private employers with regard to
remuneration, excessive overtime, opportunities for promotion, access to health care for
accidents in the workplace and unfair dismissals. In many cases, migrant workers, both
regular and irregular, informed that they are employed under precarious and discriminatory
conditions, with temporary contracts that do not entitle them to access social security
services.
71.
In particular, the Special Rapporteur heard complaints in relation to a company in
Nagoya that requested migrant workers to perform excessive hours practically every day
without any compensation. Such demand caused a Chinese female worker to faint after
having worked for 190 hours of overtime in a month. Furthermore, Brazilian workers from
16