is in fact a lot of overlapping and much of what I will say may also be relevant to these other groups. [slide 2] But let me explain three reasons why minorities must be educated in their own language preferably in public schools to the degree that is reasonably possible and it is also desired. First, for pedagogical reasons: education in your own language for most minorities means that minority children will stay in school longer, and will have a better chance of acquiring a higher degree of fluency in the official or majority language, especially after at least 8 years of education in their language, Slide 3 This chart shows from a recent study in South Africa the dramatic consequences if you stop education in