E/CN.4/1995/91 page 16 Some of the text books for use in Saudi schools reportedly make disparaging references to religious beliefs other than Wahhabi and to Shiite beliefs in particular. One such book, which clearly refers to Shiite religious practices, is said to contain the following passage: ’... many people do not respect the bans ... and therefore fall into polytheism. They have built mosques and mausoleums which they have made into places of pilgrimage and where they engage in polytheistic practices involving sacrifices and entreaties.’ The book entitled Al Thagafa al Islamiyya (Islamic Culture), which is included in the curriculum of the King Abdul Aziz University of Jeddah, is more explicit. In a chapter entitled ’The foundations of the Shia Ithna Ashariyya’, it is stated that ’some of them (the Shiites) have questioned the validity of the Koran and rejected it’. The Special Rapporteur has received reports of teachers trying to intimidate and coerce their Shiite pupils into converting to Wahhabism. Muhammad Ahmad al Rabii, 16 years of age, a secondary school pupil in al Awamiya, after a discussion with his teacher of religion, was reportedly threatened with failing his examination. The same teacher was reported to have contacted him afterwards and told him that he would pass the examination if he converted to Wahhabism. Many Shiite pupils and their families have reportedly complained to the highest education authorities. In recent years, a number of legal opinions tending to discredit Shiism and delivered by Wahhabi scholars have reportedly been officially approved. The fact that many Wahhabi followers regard these opinions as authoritative further disturbs the Shiite community. On 30 September 1990, on the question whether it was right to eat the meat from an animal killed by a Shiite butcher, Sheikh Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman bin Jabreen, who was then a member of the assembly of experts in Islamic law, was reported to have delivered the following legal opinion: ’Slaughter by a Shiite butcher is illegal and consumption of the meat thus obtained is unlawful. The majority of Shiites are polytheistic because they always invoke Ali (the cousin and the son-in-law of the Prophet) both in times of difficulty and in times of prosperity ... This is a serious demonstration of polytheism and a renunciation of Islam, deserving of death ...’. Other legal opinions by Sheik Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz, President of the Experts in Islamic Law, have reportedly declared that the Shiites (or al Rafidha, as they are called in official religious terminology) are polytheists and apostates. Legal opinion No. 2008 allegedly states that, since Shiites are polytheists, they cannot be permitted to marry Sunnite women. Legal opinion No. 1661 is said to contain an identical statement. The Special Rapporteur has also been informed that the Iraqi refugees in the Rafha camp, in the north of the country, are subjected to restrictions on their religious freedom. The occupants of this camp have