A/79/160 Partnership Committee and the action plan for the implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act, which includes measures to amend Canada’s right of entry provision and work and study permits to address “the impacts of colonialism on Indigenous groups affected by international borders”. 134 64. In Algeria, Chad and Morrocco, transborder Bedouin camel herders sustain themselves with camel milk and meat and live in tents made of camel hair. States have interfered with their mobility by encouraging assimilation into urban areas, causing the destruction of physical environments. The Bedouin are targets for drug smuggling because of their history of movement and ability to navigate borders, and Bedouin youth who may lack economic opportunities are at particular risk of being targeted. Transborder Bedouin living between Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic are affected by movement restrictions, including those caused by conflict. 135 65. Indigenous Peoples living in voluntary isolation and initial contact transboundary communities live across Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), with territories often spanning several national borders. 136 The Ayoreo, who live in isolation between Paraguay and the Plurinational State of Bolivia, regularly cross borders to access salt pans. Similarly, the Mashco Piro move between Brazil and Peru. Despite measures by some States, such as Brazil, Ecuador and Peru, which have established corridors to protect their territories and support mobility, Indigenous Peoples living in voluntary isolation and initial contact living along borders remain vulnerable to armed conflict, mining, logging, drug trafficking and militarization. 137 In this context, the Government of Brazil, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the Indigenous Council of the Federal State of Roraima launched the “Life Plan for the Warao, E’ñepa and Ka’riña Original Indigenous Peoples from Venezuela living in Brazil”. 138 66. The Badau seafaring peoples who live across the maritime borders of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines do not have a fixed nationality. Stateless sea nomads are denied access to government programmes and may be viewed negatively by States owing to the inability to locate and tax them. 139 Bajau Laut seafarer students in Malaysia were detained after a demonstration calling for improved access to water. The detentions followed an eviction of Indigenous Bajau Laut People in Semporna, Sabah (Malaysia). 140 67. In Latin America, several initiatives have been adopted to protect and recognize mobile transnational Indigenous Peoples. States members of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) 141 established a Technical Commission for Dialogue with Transboundary Indigenous Peoples to gather information and strengthen cooperation in order to address their needs. 142 In 2019, Costa Rica adopted Law 9710, drafted in consultation with the Ngäbe-Buglé Peoples to recognize their transnational nature and __________________ 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 24-13045 Canada submission; see also https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/declaration/ap-pa/index.html. University of Northumberland submission. Secoya Indigenous Organization and others, joint submission. Indigenous Programme of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs submission; Permanent Forum side event on mobile Indigenous Peoples and the Dana Declaration, 19 April 2024. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), “Life Plan reveals future perspectives for Venezuela’s indigenous people”, 2 August 2023. International Land Coalition submission. Amnesty International, “Stop crackdown on Bajau Laut people”, 22 June 2024; and A/HRC/42/47/Add.2. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Paraguay submission. 19/28