October 2003 post-synchronisation and subtitling, and, if necessary, by creating, promoting and financing translation and terminological research services. 13) The ICCPR and ECHR guarantee the freedom of expression “regardless of frontiers”. The free reception of transfrontier broadcasting is an aspect of the right of persons belonging to national minorities to establish and maintain free and peaceful contacts across frontiers particularly with those with whom they share an ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity, or common cultural heritage, as stipulated in Article 17 of the Framework Convention and, in similar terms, in paragraph 32.4 of the Copenhagen Document. Article 4 of the ECTT states, in part, that the Parties shall “guarantee freedom of reception and shall not restrict the retransmission on their territories of programme services which comply with the terms of this convention”. In addition, Article 11(2) of the European Language Charter, while permitting regulation, states that “The Parties undertake to guarantee freedom of direct reception of radio and television broadcasts from neighbouring countries in a language used in identical or similar form to a regional or minority language, and not to oppose the retransmission of radio and television broadcasts from neighbouring countries in such a language”. Finally, the principle that transfrontier broadcasting does not relieve States of their obligation to facilitate domestically produced broadcasting is derived from Article 9 of the Framework Convention. According to the Advisory Committee under the Framework Convention, “availability of […] programmes from neighbouring states does not obviate the necessity for ensuring programming on domestic issues concerning national minorities and programming in minority languages” (2002 Opinion on Albania, para. 50). More specifically, Recommendation 11 of the Oslo Recommendations regarding the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities states that “Access to media originating from abroad shall not be unduly restricted. Such access should not justify a diminution of broadcast time allocated to the minority in the publicly funded media of the State of residence of the minorities concerned”. IV. PROMOTION OF MINORITY LANGUAGES 14) The principle that States should support broadcasting in minority languages is reflected in a variety of international instruments. Under Article 27 of the 22