A/HRC/59/62 some recent examples of European Union policies and secondary legislation that incorporate intersectionality. 24 19. While stressing that existing human rights standards should be interpreted to include obligations for States to prevent, address and remedy intersectional forms of discrimination, the Special Rapporteur recognizes shortcomings in the international human rights framework from an intersectional perspective. Fundamentally, having separate international legal instruments designed to focus on discrimination affecting specific groups does not reflect an overarching intersectional approach.25 In addition, notwithstanding the examples given above, the application of an intersectional approach to the analysis, findings and recommendations of the core human rights mechanisms has been inconsistent.26 Moreover, the Special Rapporteur received information, in response to her public call for submissions to inform the present report, suggesting that some work of the United Nations human rights mechanisms has included only superficial references to intersectionality and/or depoliticized the concept by failing to include analysis of race, class and systemic oppression. Such submissions also contained descriptions of challenges faced by those from marginalized racial and ethnic groups, particularly from the global South, when trying to participate in the policy dialogues and decision-making of the United Nations human rights mechanisms. 27 While recognizing these significant challenges, the Special Rapporteur asserts that the international human rights law framework contains important obligations for States and other stakeholders to take an intersectional approach to addressing intersectional discrimination. The Special Rapporteur calls upon United Nations actors to address these gaps and challenges to help ensure the fulfilment of the potential of an intersectional approach to prevent, address and remedy systemic racism and intersectional discrimination. C. Manifestations of intersectional discrimination 20. In the present subsection, the Special Rapporteur describes examples of manifestations of intersectional discrimination experienced by those from marginalized racial and ethnic groups, across regions, countries and societal domains. These examples are included to exemplify the way that manifestations of intersectional discrimination affect racialized groups and to reflect the inputs received from different stakeholders.28 21. Information received by the Special Rapporteur about children of African descent in Brazil articulates how childhood should be understood as contextual and relational, and characterized and shaped by gender, race, ethnicity, social class and other categories. Children of African descent in Brazil are doubly subordinated to this asymmetry of power: both because they are children, that is, due to their age, and because of their race. This subordination among children of African descent in Brazil can manifest as lack of access to quality educational infrastructure and resources and disproportionate vulnerability to violence. Persistent racialized bullying within schools, due in part to insufficient efforts to address Eurocentric and colonial curricula and promote Afro-Brazilian culture and history in teaching, is another common experience of children of African descent. These manifestations of intersectional discrimination can have lasting effects on the lives of children of African descent due to the formative nature of education, further reinforcing marginalization.29 22. The Special Rapporteur has also received information about the intersectional discrimination and systemic oppression experienced by migrant and domestic workers under the kafalah system in countries across the Middle East region. The kafalah system 24 25 26 27 28 29 GE.25-07755 Submission from European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. See A/CONF.189/PC.2/20. Ibid.; submission from Sexual Rights Initiative; and Theilen, “Intersectionality’s travels to international human rights law”. Submission from Sexual Rights Initiative. Due to limitations of space, the Special Rapporteur cannot reflect all the information that she received about manifestations of intersectional discrimination. See A/HRC/59/62/Add.1; and submission from Alana Institute and Geledés. 7