 Access to effective mechanisms that restore their housing, land and property or provide them with compensation. Also:  Access to and replacement of personal an other documentation;  Voluntary reunification with family members separated during displacement;  Participation in public affairs at all levels on an equal basis with the resident population;  Effective remedies for displacement-related violations, including access to justice, reparations and information about the causes of violations. The attainment of these criteria, which are obviously human rights standards, should underline any of the IDP and minorities settlement options:  Sustainable reintegration at the place of origin (hereinafter referred to as “return”);  Sustainable local integration in areas where internally displaced persons take refuge (local integration);  Sustainable integration in another part of the country (settlement elsewhere in the country) As you can gleam, these criteria are complex. In my own experience, the fact that minorities may have their own identities in relation to the majority population makes it difficult for them to attain these durable solutions criteria. Thus, it is the responsibility of the State to ensure that displaced minorities are provided positive conditions to attain these. The protection risks faced by minorities in the attainment of these criteria, simply because of the different needs and cultural sensitivities of minorities who suffer from discrimination, have to be given attention by the State which has the primary responsibility to assuage and solve these protection risks. Unfortunately, these protection risks during their actual displacement exacerbate the difficulty for durable solutions. It is therefore my belief that even during displacement, protection risks specific to displaced minorities should be resolved including in the context of respect for diversity. In one of the reports that I co-authored as a government representative, the important principles of respect for diversity are seen to be a strength in addressing the protection risks of minority populations rather than a problem.