National Minority The term “national minority” refers to a wide range of minority groups, including ethnic, religious, linguistic and cultural communities, regardless of whether these groups are recognized as such by the States where they reside and irrespective of the designation applied to or claimed by them. The terms “national minorities”, “minorities”, and “minority communities” are used in this document as a convenient abbreviation of the phrase “persons belonging to national minorities”. Secondary Victimization The victim-blaming attitudes, behaviours and practices engaged in, which result in additional trauma for the victim of a crime. Systemic Discrimination The concept of systemic discrimination refers to rules, norms, attitudes and behaviour in State institutions and in society that prevent certain persons, in this case persons belonging to national minorities, from enjoying the same rights and opportunities that are available to the majority. Victimization The unwarranted singling out of persons belonging to national minorities and subjecting them to crime, exploitation, unfair treatment or another wrong. 42 The Graz Recommendations on Access to Justice and National Minorities