A/HRC/44/42/Add.1 migrants have been associated with security threats, including terrorism, and the legitimate work done by civil society organizations promoting the human rights of migrants and asylum seekers has been portrayed as protecting migrants and helping them to commit illegal activities. 6. In response to the challenges in the governance of migration, the Government has been undertaking a security-oriented approach. That is reflected in a series of very restrictive measures adopted by the authorities in the governance of migration, including automatic detention for asylum seekers in very harsh, prison-like “transit zones” and increasing restrictions on the capacity of civil society to operate, express their views, monitor the situation of migrants and asylum seekers, and provide them with legal aid. Shortly before the visit by the Special Rapporteur, the former Immigration and Asylum Office changed its name to National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing and 50 per cent of its personnel became police officers and are now subject to the regulations in the Police Act. The change of name and affiliation of the immigration authorities has reaffirmed the security-oriented approach. III. Normative and institutional framework for the protection of the human rights of migrants A. International legal framework 7. Hungary is party to the core international human rights treaties, with the exception of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. It has also ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict and on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. 8. Hungary has ratified the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. It is party to the Protocols to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. It has also acceded to the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. 9. Hungary was one of the five countries that voted against endorsement of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (see A/73/PV.60) and against the global compact on refugees. B. Regional legal framework and relevant proceedings Regional legal framework 10. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004. It has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007. As a member State of the Council of Europe, Hungary has ratified the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights). In the area of asylum law, based on the 1951 Refugee Convention and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, the European Union has developed a common European asylum system. It has enacted a series of regulations and directives covering different aspects of asylum procedures. The regulations are directly binding on member States, which must also translate the relevant directives into their domestic legislation. 11. Those key legal instruments of the European Union relevant to asylum law that are applicable in Hungary include, inter alia, regulation (EU) No. 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013, establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the member States by a third-country national or a stateless 3