Clashes are not inevitable. People are not born with a sense of hatred against one another or for those of another faith or ethnic identity. Babies do not spontaneously generate a fixed categorisation of people into groups of enemies or friends. Hatred is socially ' constructed, by custom, or for political or economic reasons — competition for power, land and resources, for example. And it is greatly assisted by a fixed approach that insists on seeing people in terms of only one dimension. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen points out in his thought-provoking book Identity and Violence, every human being has many identities — related to gender, nationality, language, location, class, religion, occupation, political beliefs, personal inclinations and so on. To ignore this,