A/CONF.189/PC.2/22 page 43 38 See article 26, paragraph 3, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 39 Article 13, paragraph 4, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: “liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions ...”; article 2 (c) of the 1960 UNESCO Convention: “The establishment or maintenance of private educational institutions ...”. See also, article 13, paragraph 5, of the Protocol of San Salvador, and article 29, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 40 “The States parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to choose for the children schools other than those established by the public authorities...”. See also article 5, paragraph 1 (b), of the 1960 UNESCO Convention. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights notes in its General Comment No. 13 that this liberty also extends to nurseries (E/C.12/1999/10, para. 30). 41 The meaning of “private” schools varies considerably from one country to another. Generally speaking, they are schools that are not administered by the State; they may be traditional profit-making institutions or other kinds of institutions, such as religious schools, minority schools or schools established by indigenous groups. 42 There are two possibilities open to children belonging to minorities: either they attend schools for minorities established by the State, or they establish their own schools under State supervision. 43 See Human Rights Committee, Carl Henrik Blom v. Sweden, communication No. 191/1985, Selected decisions of the Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol, CCPR/C/OP/2, pp. 227-230. See also European Commission of Human Rights, André Simpson v. the United Kingdom, application No. 14688/89, decision on admissibility of 4 December 1989, Decisions and reports, vol. 64, p. 201. 44 Human Rights Committee, Waldman v. Canada, communication No. 694/1996: the Committee decided that the fact that a distinction in favour of Catholic schools is enshrined in the Constitution does not render it reasonable and objective, even though Catholic schools are part of the public school system. 45 Article 13, paragraph 4, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 46 See section B below for a discussion of the content of education. 47 Article 13, paragraphs 3-4, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. See also article 2 (c) and article 5, paragraph 1 (b) of the 1960 UNESCO Convention; and article 29, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 48 See article 2 (c) of the 1960 UNESCO Convention. This convention defines discrimination inter alia with reference to consideration relating to the standard of education of an individual or group (art.1, para. 1 (b), or to situations incompatible with the dignity of man (art. 1, para. 1 (d)).