A/HRC/49/81 (a) Detecting distant or imminent threats through putting an effective data collection system in place, adopting measures to transform patterns of human rights violations and institutionalizing substantive equality measures to promote minority rights; (b) Translating early warning of violent conflicts into early response; (c) Placing local communities, including minorities, at the centre of early prevention actions and supporting them to implement prevention strategies at the community level; (d) Proactively using the framework of analysis tool elaborated by the United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect to identify the most common risk factors and early warning signs associated with the commission of atrocity crimes and identify situations of concern, particularly involving minorities who remain the most likely targets;2 (e) Establishing an independent national mechanism that is mandated to conduct periodic risk assessments in collaboration with civil society, the media and minority groups. 47. Global and regional early warning and prevention mechanisms should be established to address the root causes of violent conflicts involving minorities and hate speech, entrenched misperceptions between various groups along national, ethnic, linguistic, religious and cultural lines and incitement to violence should be treated as early warning indicators of conflicts unfolding. 48. United Nations human rights mechanisms, including the special procedures of the Human Rights Council and the treaty bodies, should strengthen their capacity to prevent conflicts by early identification and monitoring of and reporting on the specific minority dimension of systematic human rights violations. 49. The Special Rapporteur on minority issues and other relevant mandate holders are encouraged to work together with the United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect to develop an early warning mechanism to monitor and respond to violence specifically targeting minorities and violations of minority rights, and identify trends and patterns that could lead to conflict and serious international crimes. 50. Development and donor organizations should play a more proactive role in awarenessraising of minority rights among the States with which they cooperate. Such country-specific partnerships should include monitoring minority rights for further early warning and conflict prevention efforts. VI. Recommendations on promoting positive initiatives to better protect the rights of minorities to prevent conflicts 51. States should develop long-term, comprehensive policies for combating negative stereotypes of and discrimination against minority individuals and groups, and promote intercultural understanding by, among other things, the teaching of the culture and history of minorities in the national curriculum. 52. States should fully harness and support young people’s contribution to peace through investment in their capacities, redressing the structural barriers that limit minority youth participation in peace and security, facilitating youth exchange programmes within postconflict regions and emphasizing partnerships and collaborative action, where minority youth are viewed as essential partners for peace. 53. States should ensure that educational curricula and textbooks foster knowledge of the history, culture and traditions of minorities, as well as their positive contributions to society. 54. States should formally recognize, teach the history of and commemorate the Holocaust of the Jewish and Roma minorities that took place during the Second World War. 2 See “Framework of analysis for the prevention of atrocity crimes: a tool for prevention” (2014). 7