A/HRC/4/32 page 21 of social mobilization that, in turn, often provoke the use of public force, and so incur further violations of their rights. This has given rise to patterns of criminalization of indigenous social protest, making it harder to achieve a negotiated and democratic solution to their legitimate demands. 91. Globalization and environmental degradation contribute to the increasing involvement of indigenous people in migratory flows, their growing urbanization and the progressive modification of their cultural and social identity. These processes pose new challenges for the protection of human rights and for the framing of public policies, which require proactive and affirmative approaches, especially in the light of the specific problems facing indigenous women and children. Failure to address the structural causes of these situations will mean that the promises of the Millennium Development Goals will not become a reality for indigenous people, nor will they fully enjoy their human rights. 92. The Council now has the responsibility and the opportunity to take new steps towards international protection of the human rights of indigenous people. States need to display greater political will and capacity to construct efficient mechanisms and structures that will genuinely promote, rather than merely simulate, effective respect for the human rights of indigenous people in their countries. The courts must actively defend those rights and transcend the legal niceties so long invoked to deny indigenous people their rights. Civil society organizations, as well as political parties, must push for the human rights of indigenous people to be placed on their agendas for social and political action. In conclusion, indigenous communities and organizations, which have played such an outstanding role in the defence and promotion of their human rights, must reassess their objectives and strategies, strengthen and consolidate their alliances, and involve themselves in the processes required to build genuine democratic and plural societies. -----