I conclude with the following recommendations: 1. The United Nations, United States, European Union, United Kingdom, journalists, and human rights organizations must recognise that the systematically targeted attacks against the Hazara people in Afghanistan meet the definition of genocide: the intentional destruction of a substantial part of an ethnic and religious group, as such. 2. The United Nations and national governments should initiate urgent consultations with Hazara organizations, such as the World Hazara Council, on practical actions for the protection of the Hazara people in Afghanistan, including an internationally assisted, supported, and monitored self-defence. 3. The United Nations Human Rights Council should establish an independent fact-finding mission to investigate the ongoing systematic attacks on Hazara people, to collect evidence, map, document, and conduct investigations into the ongoing atrocities against Hazara people in Afghanistan. 4. The International Criminal Court should expand the scope of its authorised investigation into war crimes in Afghanistan to include cases of crimes against humanity and genocide against the Hazara people up to the present day. 5. We urge all refugee resettling countries to prioritise Hazara refugees for asylum and resettlement in their countries. 3