 Democratic Republic of the Congo (Banyarwanda minority)  Latvia (Russian minority)  Syria (Kurdish minority)  Myanmar (Rohingya minority)  Estonia (Russian minority). But even when they are citizens, minorities are often hampered in their ability to participate politically in their state. Indeed, through a variety of structural and legal means, state authorities may intentionally or inadvertently disadvantage politically members of a minority. Some of these involve directly the very right for someone who belongs to a minority to vote or to run for office, while others are more indirect or subtle – though their effects can be just as negative. [SLIDE] Barriers which Directly or Indirectly Impact on the Political Participation of Minorities…