A/77/290 with new or improved jobs, essential services, infrastructure, housing and green space. When implemented carefully, such policies can lead to sustainable urban regeneration, making cities more liveable and creating spaces where communities and cultures can flourish. 88. Too often, however, the benefits of economic growth do not flow to the long standing working-class residents of those cities. Instead, the benefits result in gentrification, a contested concept that generally describes a process of neighbourhood change, whereby financial investment results in an influx of higher income residents and the displacement of the lower-income, often marginalized or minority inhabitants. This is the direct result of economic development policies and practices that over-emphasize private investment and the commodification of housing, exacerbating existing inequalities and depriving many people of their ability to continue to afford to live in their neighbourhoods. 111 Gentrification presents a key challenge for authorities, communities and developers trying to revitalize neighbourhoods that have historically suffered from underinvestment, while also avoiding the displacement of lower-income inhabitants. 89. As noted in a report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context, discussions in human rights forums have typically focused on the negative impacts that gentrification has on economic and social rights, including the rights to adequate housing, education and health care ( A/HRC/13/20). Notwithstanding, gentrification also poses significant threats to cultural rights. Neighbourhoods are not only transformed physically but culturally as well through physical and demographic change that disrupts the cultural connections that people have with place and community. 90. While many lower-income residents are forced to relocate to more affordable neighbourhoods (often outside city centres), those that remain are subjected to forms of cultural displacement, characterized by new spaces, norms and traditions that cater to the incoming wealthier residents and replace their own. Retail spaces, entertainment venues, eateries and public spaces accommodate the tastes of middle and upper-class residents, transforming the character of the neighbourhood and causing a sense of cultural dislocation for incumbent residents. 91. Gentrification threatens minority cultures through urban development projects throughout the world. For example, a project in North London sought to regenerate an area that housed the Seven Sisters Market, also commonly referred to as the “Latin Market,” the “Latin Village” or “El Pueblito Paisa”. The market is a bustling commercial centre and a unique cultural hub for Latin American traders, their families and members of the wider Latin American community in London. Among other things, the market provides a vital space for these individuals and communities to meet, speak their language, engage in traditional activities and participate in cultural life, including through intercultural interactions with other traders originating from more than 20 nations. 92. For 15 years, local residents, small business owners and traders campaigned against the planned redevelopment project, partially on the grounds that it would violate their cultural rights under international law. 112 This campaign spurred the interventions of several United Nations special procedures, including the previous Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights, calling on the Government to respect the cultural rights of minority traders and to adopt measures to protect and fulfil these __________________ 111 112 22/24 OHCHR, contribution to the 2014 Economic and Social Council integration segment. Available at www.un.org/en/ecosoc/integration/pdf/officeofthehighcommissionerforhumanrights.pdf . https://savelatinvillage.org.uk/about_us/. 22-12659