E/C.12/55/D/2/2014
contract 5 or, for example, the way the lending institution calculated the interest she
was required to pay.
3.5 The author argues that the legislation regulating mortgage enforcement
proceedings does not adequately protect people’s right to mount a proper legal defence
of their homes. People affected by these proceedings are in many cases unaware that
their creditors have filed a lawsuit until they are dispossessed or evicted. What is
more, the State party’s procedural law precludes the court in cases of this kind from
taking precautionary measures to ensure that its final decision is fully effective, for
example where the terms of the contract are unfair. In this regard, referring to article
2, paragraph 1, of the Covenant, the author argues that the State party has not taken
adequate legislative measures to achieve the full realization of the right to housing and
to guarantee that right under article 11, paragraph 1, of the Covenant.
3.6 As reparation the author asks the Committee to require the State party to roll
back the judicial mortgage enforcement proceedings to the time of the initial
notification, in order to effectively guarantee her right to housing and allow her to
defend that right in the ordinary courts; in the alternative, the author seeks an award of
€250,000 as compensation for non-material damage. She also asks that the State party
adopt appropriate legislative measures to guarantee the rights established in the
Covenant.
State party’s observations on admissibility and the merits
4.1 On 13 October 2014 the State party submitted its observations on admissibility
and the merits of the communication. As to the facts of the communication, the State
party argues that, in her claim to the Committee, the author maintains that the
dwelling in question is her primary residence. However, in her motion to the Court of
10 April 2013, she argued that the Court should have served notice not only at her
residence at the mortgaged property, as established by the author herself in the public
instrument of credit, but in another family home or, failing that, at her workplace
address, which she says were also known to the lending institution.
4.2 The State party points out that in the 21 June 2012 decision to admit the
mortgage enforcement proceedings, the Court informed the debtor that she could
challenge mortgage enforcement on the grounds set forth in article 695 of the Civil
Procedure Act. This procedure does not prevent the debtor subject to enforcement
from using ordinary court procedures to resolve issues relating to the defence of their
rights and interests. It adds that the Constitutional Court has found that the mo rtgage
enforcement procedure, and more specifically articles 695 and 698 of the Civil
Procedure Act, do not affect the right to effective judicial protection as regards the
equality of the parties and the right to decent and adequate housing, since the rul ing
handed down in this procedure does not produce effects of res judicata and the
ordinary procedure is always available. 6
4.3 The State party states that the Court’s decision was served at the address given
by the author in the public instrument drawing up the loan with mortgage security.
According to articles 682, 683 and 686 of the Civil Procedure Act, the payment
demand — the first step in the mortgage enforcement procedure — and subsequent
notifications, shall be served at a residence freely specified by the mortgagor. Thus the
demands and notifications are not served at an address chosen arbitrarily by the
creditor or the court. Such a system is essential if the process is to work at all; it
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5
6
GE.15-17368
The author refers to the Court of Justice of the European Union (First Chamber) ruling of 14 March
2013 in case C-415/11, Mohamed Aziz v. Caixa d’Estalvis de Catalunya, Tarragona i Manresa
(Catalunyacaixa).
The State party refers to Constitutional Court decision No. 112/2011 of 19 July 2011.
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