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50.
The Special Rapporteur would like to reiterate that most situations of religious
intolerance stem either from ignorance or from misleading information. In her opinion,
the right orientation to education is crucial for promoting religious harmony.
Unfortunately, she regularly receives allegations about schoolbooks which display, and
even encourage, a lack of respect for members of non-traditional religious minorities or for
religions that differ from the predominant religion in the country. The authorities
concerned are called to promptly remove any passages from schoolbooks that run counter
to religious tolerance or to withdraw such books. In this regard, the 2001 Madrid Final
Document on School Education in relation with Freedom of Religion and Belief, Tolerance
and Non-discrimination offers important guidance for a desirable education of tolerance.
51.
The Special Rapporteur’s envisaged online digest of the past 20 years of mandate
experience might help in disseminating the international standards of freedom of religion
or belief. In combining the categories of her framework for communications with
pertinent excerpts from the Special Rapporteurs’ reports, she hopes to make the applicable
legal standards more easily accessible and understandable. On the preventive level, this
may eventually lead to an improved knowledge of the required or prohibited governmental
actions. With regard to the protection of victims, the online digest is intended to help in
identifying the international human rights involved, thus facilitating the work of
non-governmental organizations and their interactions with the Special Rapporteur.
52.
As many women suffer from aggravated discrimination with regard to their
religious, ethnic and sexual identities, national and international action is required to
prevent such aggravated discrimination and to improve the protective efforts. Prevention
requires first of all identifying cultural practices that are harmful for women and girls;
States should then prepare strategies, e.g. through educative, legislative and health-related
measures, in order to eliminate prejudicial practices especially where they are deeply
rooted in society. Protection necessitates effective application of existing national laws and
international human rights standards; Governments should therefore reinforce domestic
structures of control and official bodies for the protection of all human rights. The Special
Rapporteur hopes that her predecessor’s study entitled “Étude sur la liberté de religion ou
de conviction et la condition de la femme au regard de la religion et des traditions”
(E/CN.4/2002/73/Add.2) will be translated into the other official languages of the
United Nations.
53.
Some counter-terrorism measures appear to include elements that undermine
respect for fundamental human rights, including freedom of religion or belief. While the
Special Rapporteur is conscious of the fact that the States’ obligation to protect and
promote human rights requires them to take effective measures to combat terrorism, she
emphasizes that States must also ensure that any measure complies with their obligations
under international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law. She reiterates the
concern expressed by other mandate-holders that the application of terrorism definitions
may be used to outlaw peaceful religious entities or to blacklist entire communities and
religions, subjecting them to systematic suspicion. States should refocus their efforts on the
origins of terrorism and on the need to ensure protection and promotion of human rights
without bias or selectivity.