A/HRC/11/7/Add.2 page 19 undocumented migrants. These often take place in areas near shelters where migrants are housed or in migrant communities. Many of these incidents and practices are associated with the transnational gang network described in more detail above. Systematic kidnapping for ransom purposes, whereby migrants with relations in the United States were targeted so that they would send money in order to free their family members in Mexico, was also reported. These incidents often go unreported if the relatives in the United States are undocumented and do not want to raise alarm for fear of deportation, raising levels of impunity. Reports of kidnappings involving sexual violence against women were highlighted. 70. Mexico has adopted an anti-mara law at the national level, and works with the United States and Central America on regional approaches to combating the phenomenon. However, there seem to be concerns about the collaboration between these networks and governmental officials and law enforcement agents, making the distinction between the two groups difficult to discern. Impunity, corruption, extortion and bribery seem to be a rampant phenomenon within the business of migration and contributing significantly to the pervasive abuse of migrants. C. Assistance to migrants 71. Basic due-process guarantees include the right to information, translation, and interpretation, the right to be heard, the right to an impartial and accountable adjudicator, the right to legal representation, the right to judicial review, and the right to consular access. The Government of Mexico faces the challenge of providing due-process guarantees to unauthorized migrants while also helping the majority return home safely and quickly. 72. In practice, the Government implements due-process guarantees unevenly. One problem is that authorities from several agencies participate in the detention process before turning migrants over to migration officials. As a result, the initial information collected about the circumstances leading to detention is not always clear. In theory, a recent reform decriminalizing undocumented entry should return migration control to INM agents and the Federal Preventive Police. However, if INM officials detain Central Americans they presume to be irregular migrants, and if those individuals cannot produce any legal migration documents, they will be placed in deportation proceedings with little time to clarify their situation. 73. Once migrants are in the custody of migration officials, the procedures vary among regional offices. For example, some officials allow migrants to make phone calls while others do not. Some migrants interviewed stated that they were unable to make phone calls if they lacked the necessary funds, which is often the case, especially with minors. 74. The Special Rapporteur observed a number of challenges regarding consular processes and migrants’ detention and return to their country of origin. According to international standards,3 the receiving State is to notify the consular or diplomatic authorities of the State of origin 3 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, art. 36.