A/HRC/42/37/Add.1 Annex Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples on her visit to Ecuador Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 II. General consideration .................................................................................................................... 3 III. Indigenous rights and the legal and institutional framework since 2008....................................... 4 IV. Key challenges pending ................................................................................................................ 5 A. Rights of indigenous peoples over their lands, territories and natural resources .................. 5 B. Exploitation of natural resources and other activities in indigenous territories .................... 6 C. Protected areas ...................................................................................................................... 8 D. Right to consultation and consent ......................................................................................... 9 E. Recognition of indigenous forms of governance .................................................................. 10 F. Coordination and cooperation between justice systems ........................................................ 10 G. Criminalization, impunity and violence ................................................................................ 12 H. Self-development .................................................................................................................. 12 I. Bilingual intercultural education........................................................................................... 13 J. Intercultural health ................................................................................................................ 13 K. Indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation and initial contact ............................................... 14 L. The situation at the northern border ...................................................................................... 15 M. Indigenous women ................................................................................................................ 15 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................... 16 V. 2 GE.19-11328