A/72/173 public services as auxiliaries for the detection of undocumented migrants or gain access to their databases. Unless firewalls are established between public services and immigration enforcement, vulnerable migrants will never report human rights violations and perpetrators will benefit from practical immunity. 68. In the light of the fact that migration is most often an urban phenomenon, cities are best placed to ensure the integration of migrants. Municipal authorities, who are close to the needs and interests of the whole community, have already developed excellent policies and practices and sho wn leadership in integrating migrants into the population through their policies, without distinction of any kind. Local authorities in over 40 countries allow some form of local electoral involvement of migrants in order to increase government accountabil ity to migrants who cannot vote even though they work, pay taxes and assume other civic responsibilities. 10 Such initiatives would help them integrate into their new communities and ensure their access to basic services at the municipal level through participation in decision-making processes that affect their lives. Targets 6.1 Establish firewalls between immigration enforcement and public services, thereby allowing for access to justice, housing, health care, education, police, social and labour services for all migrants, without fear of detection, detention and deportation 6.2 Provide equal and equitable access for all migrants and members of their families to adequate, affordable, accessible and quality health care, including mental, sexual and reproductive health care, and to information and education, including on family planning 6.3 Ensure equal access for all migrants to quality education at all levels in destination and transit countries, and enrolment therein, including formal schooling (primary, secondary and higher education), adult education, on -thejob and vocational training, language training and lifelong learning opportunities 6.4 Ensure access for all migrants to adequate, safe and affordable housing and to other basic services 6.5 Provide cities with the powers and resources needed for the integration of migrants, regardless of their status and circumstances Indicators (a) Increased number of countries that have developed national and municipal legislation, policies, plans and progra mmes on equal access to services for all migrants, allocated the powers and resources needed for the integration of migrants and established firewalls between immigration enforcement and public services (b) Increased proportion of migrants with equal access to adequate, affordable, accessible and quality health care, education and housing (c) Access provided to universal health-care coverage, formal education, language training, vocational training and lifelong education, and cross -border __________________ 10 17-12223 International Organization for Migration, “The role of IOM: migrants and the equal participation in political and public affairs”. Available from www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ EqualParticipation/contributions/IOM.pdf. 21/26