A/HRC/23/56/Add.1 Human rights training is also being conducted, while manuals and guidelines for police officers have been developed. 34. While welcoming such steps, the Special Rapporteur remains concerned about the persistence of racial profiling of native indigenous campesino peoples, Afro-Bolivians, migrants and refugees by law enforcement officials, in particular by police officers. Some interlocutors, including indigenous peoples, themselves victims, also indicated that police investigations on reported racist crimes against indigenous people had been very limited. 35. It was reported that the armed forces were in the process of reform to ensure social inclusion and equal opportunity by removing the legacy of institutionalized racism of the former colonial system. The armed forces have introduced human rights trainings for officials and a programme of social inclusion, thereby allowing for the recruitment of indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups. During the meetings with the Special Rapporteur, it was also noted that the armed forces should play a much bigger role in the fight against racism in view of to its broad outreach and potential to educate young people. 2. Access to employment, education, health care and other services 36. Various interlocutors expressed concerns about the situation of indigenous peoples and communities in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, a situation mainly characterized by precarious health, low education levels, scarce income and a high rate of illiteracy. Such unfavourable socioeconomic conditions for the indigenous population are mainly due to the consequence of centuries of economic, social and cultural exclusion and discrimination based on ethnicity and social class. The Special Rapporteur was informed that the Government had made efforts to eradicate extreme poverty among indigenous peoples and communities, particularly in the Amazon area. It was expected that the results of the new population census might facilitate a reassessment of the Government’s priorities with regard to the delivery of basic services. 37. Indigenous people are often discriminated against in the area of employment and remuneration and face high rates of unemployment. In a report of 2010 on the situation of indigenous peoples given to the Special Rapporteur, the Office of the Ombudsman estimated that non-indigenous men earn a salary that is 2.9 times higher than that of indigenous men, and 3.4 times higher than of indigenous women. The lack of education and qualifications further limits their access to jobs. 38. It was noted that indigenous peoples faced two challenges in their access to education: insufficient access to education facilities, and exclusion of their culture and traditions from formal education curricula. It was reported that, although Law No. 1565 on Education Reform of 1994 reinforces bilingual and intercultural education, its implementation remains weak. Access to formal education for indigenous peoples and communities is severely restricted, particularly in rural areas. According to the 2001 census, the illiteracy rate for the indigenous population reached 19.61 per cent as against 4.51 per cent for the non-indigenous population. Of particular concern is the situation in rural areas, where illiteracy rates of indigenous women largely exceeds that of men. The recent alphabetization campaign Yo si puedo produced positive outcomes. According to information provided by the Ministry of Education, the campaign is expected to slash the illiteracy rate for the entire Bolivian population. It is not yet clear, however, how the expected reduction will directly benefit indigenous peoples. 39. In the report of the Office of the Ombudsman received by the Special Rapporteur (see paragraph 37 above), it was estimated that 80 per cent of the indigenous population lacked health facilities in their communities and, where these existed, equipment was old or insufficient. The demand for health assistance has become acute in indigenous territories owing to significant environmental pollution, lack of access to water and increasing 9