10. John Paul Lederach, the Mennonite peace builder makes the point that “socioeconomic justice is also critical to peace. He identifies what he calls the “justice gap” in peacebuilding: “we have not adequately developed a peace-building framework that reduces direct violence and produces social and economic justice”. As a result, he advocates a broadening of our understanding of peacebuilding to include conflict transformation, restorative justice and socio-economic development. 11. Truth Commissions play an important role Reparations at both an individual and community level are critical to providing recognition that minority communities matter and are an acknowledgement of the wrongdoing. The fourth pillar the guarantee of non-recurrence deals with institutional reform and the restoration of civic trust in the institutions of the state. 12. Dealing with the root causes of the conflict includes dealing with the structural questions underpinning the violence. This includes examining the conduct of state institutions particularly the security forces and the judiciary which often become compromised in the conflict. 13. Above all, accountability requires that those responsible for grave crimes and mass atrocities are held criminally accountable as this reinforces the notion that minorities matter and that the institutions of the state work for them as well. 14. In this regard the recommendations could do with a recommendation which spells out what accountability means for the crimes committed against minority communities. It should also set out clearly that States have obligations to address the question of impunity. 15. Finally the recommendations could do with a paragraph which deals with the complex issue of reconciliation. Reconciliation is a necessary process through which a society moves from a divided past to a shared future. It includes the search for truth and justice and also requires that former enemies find ways of co-existing side by side. It is both a process and a goal but it should never be an excuse for impunity.