A/HRC/51/28 Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Activities of the Special Rapporteur ............................................................................................. 3 III. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 3 A. Previous related reports of mechanisms specific to indigenous peoples ............................... 3 B. Terminology ......................................................................................................................... 4 C. Gender focus ......................................................................................................................... 4 International legal framework ....................................................................................................... 4 A. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ........................................ 5 B. United Nations human rights treaties .................................................................................... 5 C. Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) ................................................ 5 D. Regional human rights instruments ...................................................................................... 5 E. Convention on Biological Diversity ..................................................................................... 6 F. World Intellectual Property Organization ............................................................................. 6 G. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ...................................... 7 H. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change................................................ 7 I. International Fund for Agricultural Development ................................................................ 7 Indigenous women as knowledge keepers .................................................................................... 7 A. Natural resource management and biodiversity conservation ............................................... 8 B. Food security ........................................................................................................................ 9 C. Health and medicine ............................................................................................................. 10 D. Arts and crafts ....................................................................................................................... 11 E. Language and culture ............................................................................................................ 12 F. Leadership ............................................................................................................................ 12 Current threats to indigenous women’s knowledge ...................................................................... 13 A. Loss of lands, territories and resources ................................................................................. 13 B. Gender and structural racial discrimination .......................................................................... 14 C. Lack of disaggregated data ................................................................................................... 15 D. Violence against indigenous women and girls ...................................................................... 15 E. Misappropriation of indigenous women’s knowledge .......................................................... 16 Best practices led by indigenous peoples ...................................................................................... 17 A. North America ...................................................................................................................... 17 B. Oceania ................................................................................................................................. 17 C. Latin America ....................................................................................................................... 18 D. Asia ....................................................................................................................................... 18 E. Africa .................................................................................................................................... 19 VIII. State support for indigenous women’s knowledge ........................................................................ 19 IX. Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................... 20 IV. V. VI. VII. 2