A/RES/58/197 16. Further reaffirms that preferences granted to developing countries, pursuant to the “enabling clause”, 13 should be generalized, non-reciprocal and nondiscriminatory; 17. Reaffirms the need for the implementation of paragraph 4 of the Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least Developed and Net Food-importing Developing Countries;12 18. Welcomes the decision adopted by the General Council of the World Trade Organization on the implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Public Health 14 to address the problems faced by countries with insufficient or no manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical sector in accessing medicines at affordable prices when combating serious public health problems afflicting many developing and least developed countries, especially those resulting from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics, and invites all members to work towards an expeditious and permanent solution to the issue by, inter alia, amending the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights within the agreed time frame, to ensure that the solution will be simple to use, sustainable, predictable and legally secure; 19. Emphasizes that bilateral and regional trade arrangements should contribute to the multilateral trading system, and in this context stresses the importance of clarifying and improving disciplines and procedures under the existing provisions of the World Trade Organization applying to regional trade agreements in accordance with paragraph 29 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration, taking into account the implications of those agreements for development, and urges the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in accordance with its mandate, to provide technical inputs in this respect; 20. Reaffirms the commitments made at the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, and at the Third United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Brussels from 14 to 20 May 2001, 15 in this regard calls upon developed countries that have not already done so to work towards the objective of duty-free, quota-free market access for all least developed country exports, and notes that the consideration of proposals for developing countries to contribute to improved market access for the least developed countries would also be helpful; 21. Welcomes the approval of the accession of Cambodia and Nepal to the World Trade Organization, stresses the importance of facilitating the accession of all developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, as well as countries with economies in transition, that apply for membership in the World Trade Organization, bearing in mind paragraph 21 of resolution 55/182 and subsequent developments, and calls for the effective and faithful application of the World Trade Organization guidelines on accession of the least developed countries; _______________ 13 Decision of the Contracting Parties of 28 November 1979 (L/4903). Available on the Internet at http://docsonline.wto.org. 14 WT/L/540. Available on the Internet at http://docsonline.wto.org. 15 See A/CONF.191/13. 6