A/HRC/32/49 fight against impunity. States should ensure prompt, thorough and impartial investigation into such crimes, and that those responsible are adequately sanctioned. 21. The Special Rapporteur urges States to ensure that victims of crimes motivated by racism or xenophobia have full access to effective legal remedies, including the right to seek reparation for damages suffered as a result of such crimes. He also recommends that States ensure that victims of racist or xenophobic crimes are provided with the necessary legal, medical and psychological assistance and are made aware of their rights and of existing judicial and non-judicial remedies. States should further engage with vulnerable groups or minorities who are at particular risk of racist or xenophobic crimes, with the aim of restoring confidence in law enforcement officials and the criminal justice system, and facilitate better reporting of such crimes. C. Disaggregated data 22. The Special Rapporteur reiterates the recommendations made in previous reports, in particular those made in his most recent report submitted to the General Assembly (A/70/335), that States should collect disaggregated data and statistics on racist, xenophobic and anti-Semitic crimes in order to identify the types of offences committed, the characteristics of the victims and of the perpetrators and whether they are affiliated with an extremist political party, movement or group. States should provide adequate financial, human and technical resources to improve the quality of data collection systems where those already exist, while ensuring that civil society is involved in the process, which is to be undertaken in such a way as to guarantee the protection of privacy. D. Education 23. The Special Rapporteur recalls that education remains the most effective means of countering the negative influence that extremist political parties, movements and groups may have on young people. Recalling paragraph 136 of the Durban Programme of Action, and his relevant thematic report submitted to the Human Rights Council at its twenty-third session (A/HRC/23/56), he recommends that States recognize the important role of education in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, especially in promoting the principles of tolerance of and respect for ethnic, religious and cultural diversity and preventing the proliferation of extremist racist and xenophobic movements and propaganda, in particular among young people. He also reiterates his recommendation made in the said report that States should recognize the important role of formal and non-formal education in the deconstruction of prejudices, the positive change of negative perceptions, greater understanding and stronger social cohesion. 24. The Special Rapporteur condemns any denial or attempt to deny the Holocaust and all manifestations of religious intolerance, incitement, harassment or violence against persons or communities based on ethnic origin or religious belief. He encourages States to take concrete measures, including legislative and educational ones, such as inclusion of education about the Holocaust in school curricula, so as to prevent revisionism of the Second World War, the denial of the Holocaust and the Nazi genocide. He also encourages the active preservation of the sites that served as Nazi death camps, concentration and forced labour camps and prisons. E. Capacity-building 25. The Special Rapporteur recommends that the capacity of law enforcement officials and members of the judiciary be strengthened further to address crimes 6