A/77/189 11. On 30 May, he gave the inaugural lecture, on the importance of the special procedures for the prevention of human rights violations, for the twenty -third edition of the programme of advanced studies on human rights and humanitarian law at the American University Washington College of Law. 12. On 14 June, the Special Rapporteur participated in a webinar, held in parallel to the forty-seventh session of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, on the role of national prevention mechanisms in monitoring places where migrants are deprived of their liberty. 13. On 24 June, he presented his report entitled “Human rights violations at international borders: trends, prevention and accountability ” (A/HRC/50/31) to the fiftieth session of the Human Rights Council. III. The impact of climate change and the protection of the human rights of migrants A. Introduction 14. Climate change, an increasingly potent driver of migration, continues to compel millions of people to leave their homes every year. The latest Groundswell report released by the World Bank finds that climate change could force 216 million people across six world regions to move within their countries by 2050. 1 Given the interrelation between internal displacement and migration, this figure helps to illustrate the scope of cross-border climate change-related migration. Building on the findings of the report of his predecessor on the human rights of migrants ( A/67/299), which was submitted to the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, the Special Rapporteur aims to examine the human rights situation of migrants, especially women, children, indigenous peoples, minorities and other groups in specific vulnerable situations, affected by the adverse effects of climate change, as well as to analyse progress made on devising available and flexible pathways for regular migration in the context of climate change as an adaptation option. 15. Every year, as millions of people are displaced in the context of sudden -onset disasters, the livelihoods of millions more are affected by slow -onset environmental change and degradation, with many being compelled to leave their countries of origin, while others remain trapped in at-risk areas. Such high levels of human mobility associated with disasters and the adverse effects of climate change may impose significant challenges that undermine sustainable development, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and migration governance efforts. Likewise, desertification, rising sea levels and more frequent and severe weather events undermine the enjoyment of human rights, including the rights to life, food, water and sanitation, health and adequate housing. In addition, migrants who are compelled to move owing to the adverse effects of climate change are less likely to be able to make choices about when and how they move or to develop alternative options when facing difficulties. They are therefore more likely to migrate in conditions that do not respect human dignity and integrity. However, if well governed, safe, regular and orderly migration can also be a form of adaptation to climate change and environmental stressors, helping to build the resilience of affected individuals and communities. __________________ 1 4/23 Viviane Clement and others, Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate Migration (Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2021). The six regions refer to Ea stern Europe and Central Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America. 22-11278