A/77/189 impacts of climate change to persecute particular groups or individuals; or (c) serious human rights violations or armed conflict triggered by climate change causes people to flee based on a well-founded fear of persecution. In those cases, protection relates to the action/inaction by national authorities that constitutes persecution on prohibited grounds rather than the adverse effects of climate change. In rare circumstances, the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons might also provide protection for people fleeing climate change; however, it should be noted that it does not apply to or respond to the needs of most people fleeing the adverse effects of climate change (A/HRC/38/21, paras. 25 and 32). 20. Broader definitions of the term “refugee” have been adopted at the regional level in the Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and the Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, thus increasing the possibility of refugee status and protections applying to persons displaced by climate change. Under article I (2) of the Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, refugee status is extended to persons who, owing to events seriously disturbing public order, are compelled to seek refuge outside their country of origin or nationality. Similarly, in article III (3) of the Cartagena Declaration on Refugees the definition is extended to persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by massive violation of human rights or circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order (A/HRC/38/21, para. 26). 2. Policy frameworks 21. In the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, States are called upon to act jointly and separately to mitigate climate change and adapt to its adverse effects. Although the Framework Convention does not explicitly address migration, in the preamble to the Paris Agreement States are called upon to respect, promote and consider the rights of all persons in vulnerable situations, including migrants, when taking climate action. Similarly, State measures to address climate change must protect the rights of those most vulnerable to its impacts, including those whose vulnerabilities may render them unable to move. 22. It must be acknowledged that the work of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention and its subsidiary bodies, including the Task Force on Displacement of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts, serves to provide a forum for discussing issues relating to the protection of those displaced owing to the adverse effects of climate change. The Task Force and the Executive Committee of the Mechanism are mandated to develop recommendations for integrated approaches t o avert, minimize and address displacement in the context of climate change ( A/HRC/38/21, para. 29). 23. In the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 related targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the importance of including migration in development strategies in order to commit to protecting the rights of all migrants and leaving no one behind is explicitly recognized. For instance, Goal 6 on clean water and sanitation is relevant because both climate change and migratory patterns have the capacity to significantly affect water resources. In Goal 7 on access to affordable and clean energy the importance of managing local energy development planning in tandem with migration policy to address the economic and environmental drivers of migration, thereby facilitating environmentally sustainable socioeconomic opportunities for migrants, is highlighted. Goal 13 is on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impact. Goal 15 on life o n land is especially important when considering the impacts – both positive and negative – of migration upon local 6/23 22-11278