E/C.12/1/Add.72 page 2 B. Positive aspects 4. The Committee welcomes the State party’s recent efforts to address the problem of social exclusion in the State party, inter alia, by the adoption of a framework law of 29 July 1998 to combat social exclusion, particularly targeting the right to work, the right to housing and the right to health. 5. The Committee acknowledges the existence of two national human rights institutions, the National Consultative Commission of Human Rights (Commission Nationale Consultative des Droits de l’Homme (CNCDH)) and the National Ombudsman (Le Médiateur de la Republique). 6. The Committee notes with appreciation the efforts made by the State party to address unemployment by creating new jobs and by establishing programmes to improve access to the labour market, such as the PAP (projet d’action personnalisé) programme for the unemployed and the TRACE (trajet d’accès à l’emploi) programme, which is especially aimed at young persons. 7. The Committee welcomes the recent court decisions convicting perpetrators of female genital mutilation. 8. The Committee notes with interest the various initiatives by the State party to combat the serious problem of domestic violence, including the launching of a national action plan in 2000. 9. The Committee also commends the State party for its campaign against alcohol and tobacco abuse, especially among young people. 10. The Committee welcomes the measures undertaken by the State party to combat trafficking in persons, child pornography and sexual exploitation of women and children. 11. The Committee notes with appreciation the progress made by the State party with regard to the right to health, particularly by establishing universal coverage of health care insurance through the Act of 27 July 1999 which extends health insurance to everyone living in the national territory and provides 100 per cent coverage to persons with a very low income. C. Factors and difficulties impeding the implementation of the Covenant 12. The Committee notes that there are no factors and difficulties which prevent the effective implementation of the Covenant in the territory of the State party. D. Principal subjects of concern 13. The Committee expresses its concern that, despite the constitutional provision (art. 55) stipulating the primacy of international law over national law and the monistic principle adopted by the State party incorporating international law in the domestic legal order, the Covenant and