A/80/302 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, Gehad Madi Externalization of migration governance and its effect on the human rights of migrants Summary In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, Gehad Madi, examines the phenomenon of externalization of migration, which is understood as forms of international cooperation aimed at shifting responsibility for migration governance from destination States to other States. Recognizing that externalization measures entail a risk of human rights violations, the Special Rapporteur identifies the rights most at risk. The lack of transparency and accountability surrounding many externalization arrangements compounds the risk of such violations. The Special Rapporteur underscores the critical importance of human rights impact assessments, independent human rights monitoring and accessible complaint mechanisms. He concludes by addressing the question of responsibility for human rights violations in the context of externalization and explores two principal legal challenges associated with externalization practices. 2/23 25-12609