4 (a): The Commission on Human Rights urges States, “To ensure that their constitutional and legislative systems provide adequate and effective guarantees of freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief to all without distinction, inter alia by the provision of effective remedies in cases where the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, the right to practise freely one’s religion, including the right to change one’s religion or belief, is violated;”. Defenders of freedom of religion or belief and non-governmental organizations Commission on Human Rights resolution 2005/40 17: The Commission on Human Rights, “Welcomes and encourages the continuing efforts of non-governmental organizations and bodies and groups based on religion or belief to promote the implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, and further encourages their work in promoting freedom of religion or belief and in highlighting cases of religious intolerance, discrimination and persecution;”. E/CN.4/2006/5 page 42 Commission on Human Rights resolution 2005/40 -----