A/75/298 inspiration that can help shape the acceptability of policy or system change. “Local knowledge supports contemporary mitigation options, from low -carbon, locally adapted approaches to decarbonizing buildings and cultural landscapes to pointing the way to low-carbon settlement patterns for developing peri-urban areas to the role of indigenous science in climate-smart agriculture.” 115 68. Traditional knowledge can “form the basis of a balanced, sustainable interaction between culture and natural ecosystems” 116 and can inform our understanding of climate impacts and human rights-respecting and appropriate adaptation strategies. 117 Experts suggest that this can provide holistic understandings of a range of issues, such as changes to soil moisture and species migration, that may be unavailable in most scientific data. 118 Traditional knowledge, including that of indigenous peoples, peasants and fisher people, such as traditional fire management and agricultural techniques, should be considered as a complement to science, where appropriate, in developing adaptation responses. 119 69. Traditional land management and land monitoring systems and traditional construction and planning techniques may also be relevant. Where relevant and appropriate human rights-respecting traditional knowledge systems exist, every effort should be made to integrate these into heritage site disaster management plans. 120 70. Endogenous, local ways of low-impact resource use connected with tangible heritage and intangible practices include: agriculture (semi-natural habitats, cultural landscapes), traditional fishing, forest use, traditional soil management (no -till farming, mulching, cover cropping, crop rotation), use of native plants, traditional livestock management and animal husbandry approaches that contribute to decarbonization. Examples include traditional fishing and semi-natural habitats management. 121 71. We must think broadly about the relationship between culture and addressing climate change, including (a) Through cultural change; (b) Related to our ways of interacting with nature; (c) The promotion of green cultures. Such efforts require the marshalling of cultural resources. 122 72. “The Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement recognize that cultural heritage can guide choices that promote human action in ways that suppor t resilience and sustainability and by extension climate -resilient development pathways.” 123 “Healthy” World Heritage sites can contribute considerably to “healthy” landscapes and seascapes that are better able to buffer climate change __________________ 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 18/23 See contribution by International Council on Monuments and Sites. “Culture 21 – Culture, climate change and sustainable development: briefing”, p. 3. Terry Williams and Preston Hardison, “Culture, law, risk and governance: contexts of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation” in Climatic Change Vol. 120, pp. 531–544; and NortonSmith, Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples (see footnote 90), pp. 13 and 14. See, e.g., Margaret Redsteer, and others “Increasing vulnerability of the Navajo People to drought and climate change in the southwestern United States: accounts from tribal elders”, in Douglas Nakashima, Igor Krupnik, Jennifer T. Rubis, eds., Indigenous Knowledge for Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation; and Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples , p. 14. “Culture 21 – Culture, climate change and sustainable development: briefing”, p. 2. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage (2010), p. 40. See contribution by International Council on Monuments and Sites. Tyszcuk, “Culture and climate change scenarios” (see footnote 10 9). The Future of Our Pasts (see footnote 29), p. 2. 20-10595