CERD/C/64/CO/2 page 3 In the light of its general recommendation XIX, the Committee reminds the State party that racial segregation may also arise without any initiative or direct involvement by the public authorities, and encourages the State party to continue monitoring all trends which may give rise to racial or ethnic segregation and to work for the eradication of the resulting negative consequences. Furthermore, the Committee invites the State party to provide information on the measures taken to address this issue. 14. The Committee takes note that a new Statute of Indigenous Peoples (Estatuto da Sociedades Indígenas) is currently being elaborated in the National Congress. The Committee recommends that the State party provide an update of developments in this regard. 15. While the Committee takes note of the State party’s objective to complete the demarcation of indigenous lands by 2007 and considers it an important step towards securing the rights of indigenous peoples, it remains concerned at the fact that effective possession and use of indigenous lands and resources continues to be threatened and restricted by recurrent acts of aggression against indigenous peoples. In the light of general recommendation XXIII on the rights of indigenous peoples, the Committee recommends that the State party complete the demarcation of indigenous lands by 2007. Furthermore, the Committee recommends that the State party adopt urgent measures to recognize and protect, in practice, the right of indigenous peoples to own, develop, control and use their lands, territories and resources. In this connection, the Committee invites the State party to submit information on the outcome of cases of conflicting interests over indigenous lands and resources, particularly those where indigenous groups have been removed from their lands. 16. The Committee is concerned that only a few quilombo areas have been officially recognized, and that an even smaller number of these communities have received permanent title deeds to their lands. The Committee recommends that the State party accelerate the process of identification of quilombo communities and lands and distribution of the respective title deeds to all such communities. 17. The Committee is concerned by allegations concerning discrimination faced by Gypsies with regard to birth registration and access to schools for their children. In the light of general recommendation XXVII on discrimination against Roma (Gypsies), the Committee invites the State party to clarify this matter.