A/73/305 makes it a criminal offence for any lawyer, adviser, volunteer or legal resident family member to provide support to anyone seeking to lodge an asylum claim or obtain a residence permit, or provide other legal or humanitarian assistance, including distributing information on migration-related matters, providing advice to migrants and refugees, and conducting human rights monitoring at borders. 56 In June 2018, the Hungarian authorities announced that they would also introduce a 25 per cent tax on funding for non-governmental organizations that “support immigration”. 57 38. An Eastern European submission raised concerns about populist government censorship and control over media, as well as about smear campaigns and public intimidation targeting human rights defenders. In the Philippin es, independent media have been under attack as well. In January 2018, a group of United Nations Special Rapporteurs issued a statement of urgent concern at the revocation of the media licence of a Filipino outlet that had produced critical coverage of Pre sident Rodrigo Duterte and his deadly “war on drugs”. 58 Affiliates of the media outlet had received harsh criticism from the President and his supporters, including threats of violence. 39. A recent United Nations report documents the use of an emergency de cree to crack down on independent media sources in Turkey, including when such sources have been tied to efforts to promote dialogue on issues relating to Kurds. 59 According to the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom o f opinion and expression, “The crackdown affects media outlets affiliated with the Gülen movement and journalists working or having previously worked for such outlets, journalists perceived to have connections to the Gülen movement, independent, oppositional or minority media outlets and journalists accused of affiliation with the Gülen movement”. 60 He has also warned of the more general contraction in civic and political space in Turkey. 61 Patriarchy, heteronormativity and “traditional values” 40. As indicated above, nationalist populist rhetoric and policy regularly advocates a heteronormative, patriarchal vision of the nation and a return to “traditional values”. “Traditional values” are often patriarchal, heteronormative practices and norms that severely constrain the autonomy of women. Such values also constrain the autonomy of non-conforming gender and sexual minorities, who, because they are cast as “other”, do not enjoy the status of “the people” as legitimate beneficiaries of the nation. Across Europe, in countries that have experienced the rise of right -wing nationalist populists, the number of hate crimes and incidents against LGBTQI individuals has risen. 62 With regard to Asia, researchers have argued that, notwithstanding the diversity in populist ideology across the continent, the notion of “Asian values” has been used by authoritarian populist leaders to justify attacks against those deemed not to conform to such values. 63 __________________ 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 14/22 Reference to the “Stop Soros” law package, original publication available at http://njt.hu/cgi_bin /njt_doc.cgi?docid=209036.356012. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-171982_ en.htm. OHCHR, “New Hungary legislation ‘shameful and blatantly xenophobic’ — Zeid”, 21 June 2018. OHCHR, “United Nations experts express serious alarm at effort to shut down independent media outlet in the Philippines”, 25 January 2018. See A/HRC/35/22/Add.3, para. 36. Ibid., para. 39. Ibid., para. 58. For example, this was the case in the United States in 2016, when, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 6,121 hate crime incidents were reported, representing an increase of 5 per cent compared with 2015. Of those 6,121 incidents, 1,076 were based on sexual orientation bias and 124 on gender identity bias, reflecting increases of 2 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively. See Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2016 Hate Crime Statistics database. Eizenberger and Schaffer, “The political economy of new authoritarianism in Southeast Asia”. 18-12945