A/67/299 General for Justice of the European Commission, the European Parliament, the secretariat of the European Council, the European External Action Service, the Fundamental Rights Agency and the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union. 15. Within the above framework of analysis, the Special Rapporteur will focus his country visits in 2012 on examining the complex issues of control and management of European Union borders, using real case examples from his missions at the national level. In particular, the Special Rapporteur has chosen to visit both sides of the border of two of the main points of entry for migrants into the European Union: Turkey and Greece, and Tunisia and Italy. In June 2012, he visited Tunisia and Turkey. He will visit Italy from 1 to 8 October and Greece from 26 November to 3 December 2012. 16. The findings and recommendations emerging from those visits will be presented to the Human Rights Council at its twenty-third session in the form of one thematic global mission report, with country-specific attachments. The Special Rapporteur will highlight ongoing challenges in the development and implementation of policies and will also identify best practices. He will also provide a set of recommendations to assist member States of the European Union and States visited in overcoming such challenges individually, bilaterally and regionally. III. Thematic section: climate change and migration A. Introduction 17. The world can expect to experience profound changes in the natural and human environments over the next 50 years or so. Given the significant impacts of those environmental transformations, the Special Rapporteur notes that the effects of climate change will likely play a significant and increasingly determinative role in international migration. In this context, the Special Rapporteur decided to dedicate the thematic section of his report to the General Assembly to the impacts of climate change on migration. 18. Hundreds of millions of people, especially in the global South, are highly vulnerable to global environmental change and will become more so in the future. In its assessment of the future of the planet, the leading intergovernmental body working on the issue, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, concluded in its Fourth Assessment Report (2007) that global warming was unequivocal and that human activity was the main driver, very likely causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950. 19. Thus, global environmental variation as a result of climate change is now a certainty, and the impact of climate change on migration is becoming increasingly apparent. Walter Kälin, the former representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights of internally displaced persons, has identified five scenarios of climate-induced displacement, triggered respectively by (i) sudden-onset disasters; (ii) slow-onset environmental degradation; (iii) sinking small island States; 12-46071 5