A/68/333 IV. Conclusions and recommendations 80. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the efforts and initiatives undertaken by various States to prohibit discrimination and segregation and to ensure full enjoyment of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights for all individuals and groups. He notes that certain groups and individuals, including people of African descent, indigenous peoples, minorities, Roma, Dalits and migrants, are still confronted with poverty and discrimination, especially in the enjoyment of their economic and social rights. The persistence of discrimination against those groups and individuals remains a challenge to the construction of a tolerant and inclusive society, and only the guarantee of equality and non-discrimination policies can redress that imbalance and prevent those groups that are discriminated against from falling into or being trapped in poverty. 81. The Special Rapporteur therefore invites Member States to adopt comprehensive approaches for tackling the intersection of poverty and discrimination which is prevalent around the world. In particular, the Special Rapporteur recommends that Member States review and redesign policies and programmes which may have a disproportionate effect on racial or ethnic minorities in view of their socio-economic vulnerability and implement effective measures to improve the access of such groups to civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. 82. As a key prerequisite of any actions aimed at tackling the socio-economic vulnerability of persons belonging to ethnic or racial minorities, the Special Rapporteur also recommends that States collect disaggregated data and indicators that allow for the identification of the main problems those groups and individuals face and that would inform policy-making in this regard. The principles of privacy, self-identification and involvement of all communities in such data-gathering activities should be respected at all times. 83. The Special Rapporteur encourages the stakeholders of the post-2015 agenda to continue focusing on reducing socioeconomic inequalities while taking into account issues surrounding discrimination. While the Millennium Development Goals have addressed the reduction of extreme poverty, the Special Rapporteur suggests that in the post-2015 agenda specific goals and targets be developed to ensure that everyone, regardless of socioeconomic status or ethnicity, has universal access to health care, education, water, food and security. Legislative and institutional mechanisms should be in place to ensure that these rights are recognized equally for all. The principles of equality and non-discrimination should ensure that no group is left behind and that groups that have historically been discriminated against receive special protection. 84. The Special Rapporteur recalls the overarching prohibition of discrimination on national, racial, ethnic, religious or other grounds according to international human rights law, and strongly recommends that States review legislation and policies which may directly or indirectly discriminate against particular groups or individuals. 85. In order to redress the historical imbalances created by racism and discrimination, including slavery, segregation, apartheid and other forms of 13-43133 21/22