A/68/333 likely than others to live in polluted and environmentally degraded areas where the risk of exposure to substance abuse, violence and infectious diseases is higher. 28 Where social security and health care support is conditioned to employment the poor living in these areas are less likely to access health services. 38. Limited access to adequate nutrition also exacerbates the poor health suffered by a considerable number of poor racial and ethnic minorities. 3. The right to housing 39. The Special Rapporteur also notes that racism and discrimination negatively affect the realization of the right to adequate housing for the marginalized groups. 40. Legal insecurity of tenure for poor and marginalized ethnic and racial minorities in some cases forces some of the members of those communities to move to urban areas, where the only affordable housing is in informal and slum settlements with substandard housing conditions and the daily risks of eviction. 41. In some countries, individuals from certain marginalized racial groups face discrimination from landlords and officials in accessing public and private rental housing. The lack of safe and healthy housing has consequences for the development of children and has a direct link to the vicious cycle of poverty and discrimination. The violation of the right to adequate housing also affects the enjoyment of other human rights, such as the right to work, education, health and social security. 42. In many countries, those without formally recognized housing find themselves limited in accessing public services and excluded from opportunities for participation in decision-making processes. These challenges reinforce their isolation and marginalization. Where registration in schools is conditioned to the provision of certain official documents related to housing or population registers, this affects the right to education. The same applies for social security and health care services, or the ability to be issued an employment contract. 43. Adequate housing is also linked to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. As of early 2013, UNICEF estimates that 36 per cent of the world’s population lacked improved sanitation facilities, and 768 million people have access only to unsafe drinking water. 29 Poor sanitation and unhygienic practices are the indirect results of discrimination and the marginalization suffered by racial minorities. Groups that are discriminated against, especially those living in rural or remote areas, experience disparities in terms of access to sanitation and drinking water. 30 These further contribute to poor health outcomes for the poor racial and ethnic minorities. 44. Poor sanitation and difficulties resulting from lack of access to safe drinking water have been known to be linked to poor school enrolment and completion rates of children from groups that are discriminated against who have to fetch water for their families and often suffer from various infections. __________________ 28 29 30 13-43133 Ibid. UNICEF, “Water, Sanitation and Hygiene”; available from www.unicef.org/wash/. See report of the Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation, entitled “Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation” (A/HRC/21/42), para. 30. 11/22