A/HRC/30/41 can lead to multiple violations of their human rights, including severe economic and sexual exploitation and sexual violence. There are also cases of indigenous women being targeted by organized traffickers within their own communities. Reports of trafficking of indigenous women and children include the following: (a) In the Miskitu communities of Nicaragua, indigenous women have reported the phenomenon of selling and trafficking of indigenous girls and boys, citing communitarian violence as the cause; (b) In a number of Asian countries, including Cambodia, India, Nepal and Thailand, indigenous women are trafficked from their communities into domestic servitude or forced prostitution; (c) Trafficking of indigenous women for the purpose of exploitation has been reported in Mexico; (d) Indigenous women in Canada are reported to be at a greater risk of trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation than non-indigenous women.24 IV. Key challenges and promising practices A. Key challenges Gaps and weaknesses in monitoring systems and implementation 61. Systematic analysis of the conclusions of United Nations human rights mechanisms conducted for this report showed significant gaps and weaknesses in relation to the rights of indigenous women and girls. The Special Rapporteur appreciates the attention of other mechanisms and agencies, in particular special procedures mandate holders, treaty bodies and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UNWomen), and hopes that the developing focus on indigenous women’s rights continues to grow. 62. Gaps and weaknesses in some human rights and development monitoring mechanisms include: (a) The lack of geographical balance in relation to the comments made by the different mechanisms; (b) Failure to discuss the role that intersecting forms of vulnerability and discrimination plays in violations of the rights of indigenous women and girls; (c) Limited exploration of the nexus between individual and collective rights; (d) The absence of gender analysis when discussing issues that impact indigenous communities. 63. Similarly, a number of development and other policy mechanisms, including the Millennium Development Goals, the proposed sustainable development goals and the Beijing Platform for Action, have given disproportionally low attention relative to needs. 24 See, for example, Mairin Iwanka Raya: Indigenous women stand against violence (see footnote 18); Arun Kumar Acharya and Manuel R. Barragan Codina, “Poverty and trafficking of Indigenous women in Mexico: some evidence from Chiapas State”, Journal of Sustainable Society, vol. 1, No. 3, 2012, pp. 63-69; and Native Women on Canada Association, Sexual exploitation and trafficking of aboriginal women and girls, Literature review and key informant interviews (March 2014). 17

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