E/CN.4/1995/78/Add.1 page 36 29/ Cited by Clarance Lusane, Pipe Dream Blues. Racism and the War on Drugs, Boston, South End Press, 1991. See also the communication from the Centre for Constitutional Rights, New York, 17 October 1994. 30/ Communication from the African American Human Rights Foundation, Washington, 12 October 1994. 31/ Ibid. 32/ Communication from the Centre for Constitutional Rights, New York, 17 October 1994. 33/ Racial Disparities in Federal Death Penalty Prosecutions 1988-1994, report of the Sub-Committee on Civil and Constitutional Rights Committee on the Judiciary, presented at the 103rd Congress (2nd session), March 1994. "United States of America. The Death Penalty: Government Survey Finds Pattern of Racial Disparities in Imposition of Death Penalty", Amnesty International, March 1990 (AI Index: AMR 50/08/90). Human Rights Violations in the United States, Human Rights Watch, 1992. 34/ See chapter 177, "Racial Discriminatory Capital Sentencing" of the Crime Bill. 35/ Ronald Hampton, Executive Director of the National Black Police Association. 36/ Young Nazi Killers: The Rising Skinhead Danger, An Anti-Defamation League Special Report, New York, 1993. 37/ Ibid., p. 3. 38/ Communication dated 13 October 1994 from the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. 39/ Jack Shaheen, "The Arab Stereotype: Extra, vol. 5, No. 5, July/August 1992. Villain Without a Human Face", 40/ Center for Democratic Renewal; When Hate Groups Come to Town. Handbook of Effective Community Responses, Atlanta, 1992, p. 82. 41/ Ibid. 42/ The Hate Crimes Statistics Act was passed in April 1990 and requires the Justice Department to spend five years gathering data on crimes motivated by prejudice based on race, religious or ethnic background, or sexual orientation. 43/ Center for Democratic Renewal, Fact Sheet on Hate Crime, Atlanta, p. 2.