E/CN.4/1995/78/Add.1 page 19 the issue of police brutality in the United States. A proposed legislative amendment that would have addressed these issues was dropped from the recently passed omnibus Crime Bill. 66. Part of the training received by police officers in their academy is responsible for their violent behaviour. One participant in the World Council of Churches hearings in Washington, a retired police officer, who met the Special Rapporteur stated that "in training, we practise shooting at a black target on a white background. The police hesitate to use - or even draw guns on - Whites. They never hesitate with Blacks. In a training video, every criminal portrayed is Black". He went on to say: "When a young Black man enters the police academy, there is a 22-week metamorphosis. He often goes in planning to be a helper in his community and emerges reflecting the mores of the force. The result is that some Black policemen also act brutally". 35/ H. Incitement to racial hatred and racist violence 67. Incitement to racial hatred has to be considered in conjunction with racist violence. Both are propagated by extreme right-wing movements and organizations, the neo-Nazi groups whose number is constantly increasing and whose influence is spreading. 36/ The main organizations are the following: Northern Hammerskins, Ku Klux Klan, Aryan Resistance League and SS of America, White Aryan Resistance and Church of the Creator. The following figures, provided by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) give an idea of the racist organizations operating in the United States: "[a] current survey of the number of racist Skinheads in the United States shows a total of approximately 3,300 to 3,500, in 160 gangs, located in 40 States. These figures represent further growth since ADL’s last count in 1990. The seven States with the greatest number of Skinheads are: New Jersey (400), Texas (300 to 400), Oregon (300), Colorado (200), Florida (200), Michigan (200) and Virginia (200)." 37/ These organizations disseminate their racist propaganda against Jews, African Americans, Latinos, Arabs and other so-called coloured people through the radio stations they own, graffiti, posters, anonymous telephone calls, public demonstrations and rallies. 68. Where Arab Americans in particular are concerned, the American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee considers that there is a direct correlation between violence, intimidation and heinous crimes against Arab Americans and political tension in the Middle East. The Committee recorded a "300 per cent increase in hate crime activity" directed against this group during the Gulf War in 1991. The Committee also makes the point that the media and the educational system help to spread prejudice and stereotypes where Arabs are concerned. 38/ The image of Arabs propagated in the United States is analysed in this criticism by Jack Shaheen, professor of communications at Southern Illinois University: "The typical screen Arab can be summarized in a handful of clichés: he uses terrorism and/or oil as a weapon against civil societies. He supposedly worships a different deity than Jews and Christians, and is