A/71/285 64. The Special Rapporteur recommends that States develop and incentivize accessible, regular, safe and affordable migration channels at all skill levels and consider a variety of options for regular migration, such as humanita rian visas, temporary protection, family reunification, work permits at all skill levels, as well as for migration for job seeking, student mobility and medical evacuation. States can also increase the number of migrants admitted under existing regular mig ration schemes, including for seasonal workers and student visas. 65. The Special Rapporteur underlines that it is important for States to ensure inclusive processes that allow for a robust public debate, including through national consultations, and that promote a better understanding of the needs of migrants in terms of human and labour rights protection. This will allow States to develop more targeted programmes and more suitable mobility options and to measure effective progress for migrants, especially those who are socially marginalized, economically excluded and politically invisible. Such processes and data collection will constitute an important contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 4. Ensure that migration opportunities entail: the ethical recruitment of migrants; reduction in the costs of migration; facilitation of the flow of remittances, and increasing their productive use; enhancement of the transfer of skills and knowledge; mutual recognition of skills and portability of acquired benefits, as addressed in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda; and efforts by Member States to counter the exploitative practices and the demand for services derived from the exploitation of others, in line with international human rights and labour standards 66. Abuses of the rights of migrant workers are not isolated incidents taking place in a vacuum. First, unethical recruitment practices thrive in an environment in which the prices of goods and services are dependent upon a supply of cheap labour. Ethical recruiters struggle to compete within a system that has adapted to the vicious cycle of wholesale exploitation and systematic suffering. 67. Second, the systematic use of exploitative labour is becoming part of the conceptualization of economic development of both countries of origin and destination. As countries accelerate their growth and build infrastructure based on cheap labour, international migration of low-wage workers is embraced as a tool of development without due attention to the human rights of mi grants themselves. 68. This can be seen, for example, in how temporary migration schemes are frequently discussed, in international forums such as the Global Forum on Migration and Development, as positive examples of flexible labour supply responding quickly to economic demands, despite countless examples of built -in structural precariousness and of negative human rights consequences. 69. Destination States accept and become complicit in this economic normalization of the exploitation of migrant workers b ecause of a desire to remain globally competitive. Countries of origin can also fail to negotiate adequate protections for their nationals owing to power imbalances between countries. Examples have been reported of countries of origin that have requested b etter treatment for their nationals only to see the number of their citizens obtaining visas as migrant workers drop. 14/24 16-13509