A/HRC/44/58 – a 44 per cent increase.19 The Southern Poverty Law Center reported that there had also been a 43 per cent increase in the number of anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender hate groups in the United States.20 IV. Issue in focus: antisemitic racism and other forms of racism and related intolerance 34. Robert S. Wistrich, an antisemitism scholar and former head of the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism at the University of Jerusalem, has highlighted the parallels between antisemitism and other forms of racism and related intolerance, and has underscored that doctrines of racial superiority “serve to justify and rationalize the will to exclusion of the ‘collective other’, defined as alien, different, more primitive, or inferior”. 21 Sociologist and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois also highlighted the similarities between antisemitism and other forms of racism. Witnessing first-hand the oppression of Jews in Poland opened Mr. Du Bois’ eyes to the oppression of Jews and its parallels to the fight of African Americans for racial equality in the United States.22 Mr. Du Bois’ last visit to Poland, in 1949, was significant, revealing to him the intersections between racial and religious discrimination. He stated: “So that the ghetto of Warsaw helped me to emerge from a certain social provincialism into a broader conception of what the fight against race segregation, religious discrimination, and the oppression by wealth had to become if civilization was going to triumph and broaden in the world”.23 35. The demonization of “the other” is a central tool of neo-Nazism, and its racist and antisemitic ideology casts Jews as the “archetypal other”. Neo-Nazi ideology also espouses hatred and demonizes racial, ethnic and religious groups, including people of African descent, Muslims, Slavic peoples, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people, women, and persons with disabilities.24 36. The transnational conspiracy that the “white race” is under threat of extinction has spurred racial hatred and deadly attacks around the world,25 including in Canada, France, Germany; Greece, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. Conspiracy theories are another feature of neo-Nazi and extremist ideologies; these conspiracies target Jews, as well as other racial, religious and ethnic groups. 37. White genocide theory in the United States maintains that Jews are manipulating black Americans to achieve racial heterogeneity and global domination.26 This conspiracy, dating back to slavery, claims that African Americans will wage a war to eliminate the “white race”.27 The conspiracy relies on racist tropes of Jews as nefarious and all-powerful and African Americans as unintelligent and violent, in order to advance claims of an imminent race war.28 White supremacists in South Africa and the United States also falsely 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Anti-Defamation League, “White supremacists double down on propaganda in 2019”, 11 February 2020. Available at www.adl.org/blog/white-supremacists-double-down-on-propaganda-in-2019. Southern Poverty Law Center, “Extremist hate threatens pluralistic democracy”, 18 March 2020. Available at www.splcenter.org/news/2020/03/18/year-hate-and-extremism-2019. Robert S. Wistrich, “Introduction: the devil, the Jews, and hatred of the other”, in Demonizing the Other: Antisemitism, Racism and Xenophobia, Robert S. Wistrich, ed. (London, Routledge, 1999), p. 2. See W.E.B. Du Bois, The Social Theory of W.E.B. Du Bois (London, Pine Forge Press, 2004). Du Bois, Social Theory, p. 46. A/HRC/38/53, para. 5. Rosa Schwartzburg, “The ‘white replacement theory’ motivates alt-right killers the world over”, The Guardian, 5 August 2019. See also Paul Stoker, “The great replacement theory: a historical perspective” (Open Democracy), 19 September 2019, and Lois Beckett, “More than 175 killed worldwide in last eight years in white nationalist-linked attacks”, The Guardian, 4 August 2019. See, for example, Stoker, “The great replacement theory”. See also Anti-Defamation League, “White genocide”, available at www.adl.org/resources/glossary-terms/white-genocide. Rosa Schwartzburg, “No, there isn’t a white genocide”, Jacobin, 4 September 2019. See, for example, Anti-Defamation League, “New hate and old: the changing face of American white supremacy”. 9