A/HRC/53/26/Add.3 in such units and strengthen their capacity and skills to provide adequate and effective support to Bangladeshi workers who may need help and assistance. 62. The Special Rapporteur was informed that, through consular services abroad, migrants have access to a helpline and contact points when they need assistance. This information is meant to be available to all migrants, even at the pre-departure phase, but there appears to be a need to raise awareness of such services. 63. The lack of investigation and prosecution of the vast majority of human rights abuses in countries of destination is very concerning. The Special Rapporteur urges countries of destination to conduct a continual, thorough monitoring of the conditions of migrants, particularly women in the domestic service sector. In so doing, it is critical to enhance cooperation between Bangladesh and countries of destination to strengthen the protection of the human rights of migrants. 64. A key step to preventing such violations, as the Special Rapporteur has repeatedly stated in several reports and in communications to Governments of countries in the Middle East region, is to move towards the abrogation of the kafalah system. He notes the positive move by Qatar to end the kafalah system, which is a hopeful example for others in the region. Replicating this could enhance relations between countries of origin and countries of destination to better protect the rights of migrant workers. H. Government to Government initiatives 65. There is a stark difference in skilled migration schemes channelled through Government to Government initiatives administered by the offices of the Bangladesh Overseas Employment and Services Limited and the Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training, when compared with schemes channelled through private recruitment agents. The former initiatives have yielded more beneficial results for migrants, due to more robust regulation and oversight and the lower or no cost for migration. Migrants’ rights are better protected within these schemes. 66. Some Government to Government recruitment initiatives through memorandums of understanding have provided better migration management solutions when the process has proper oversight by the Governments concerned. However, private recruitment agencies are not completely eliminated as a means of finding and obtaining aspiring migrant workers. On the other hand, existing memorandums of understanding can also task government institutions with finding and selecting job seekers; the Government to Government scheme with the Republic of Korea was referred to as one such positive example. A Government to Government scheme with Malaysia is also an example of an attempt to remove private recruiters from the process. 67. The Special Rapporteur notes that it is mostly migrants without skills, who are often not engaged in Government to Government processes, that often become victims of exploitation and abuse. At all stages of migration, the most vulnerable migrant workers are often the very poor and those lacking education and access to important information that could help them in the migration process. I. Lack of adequate data 68. In spite of many existing research and initiatives providing much-needed information on migration, the Special Rapporteur noted the need for more specific data on various aspects of the migration process. 69. The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration refers to the need to collect and utilize accurate and disaggregated data as a foundation for evidence-based policies, and target 17.18 of the Sustainable Development Goals requires high-quality, timely and reliable data to be disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographical location and other relevant characteristics. 10 GE.23-08750