mechanisms such as those developed by CERD, can provide crucial guidance to States on the likely effect of policies. We have talked in the forum about the importance of ensuring sustainable livelihoods, work and social security, discrimination and positive measures, meaningful and effective participation in economic and development policy-making and spoke about concrete steps that can be taken to advance and build the capacity of minorities to participate effectively in economic life – we have heard a number of different suggestions ranging from improving and strengthening legal frameworks to support for international frameworks, incentives for monitoring at all levels and the establishment of institutions including ombudspersons, making people aware of the existence of remedies and ensuring access. It is fundamental that legal protections or minority rights are in place, are monitored systematically, are implemented effectively and that access to remedies is ensured in all areas. Civil society organizations are a key element which was highlighted not least by their enthusiasm and insightful and concrete recommendations in this forum, informed by their work with local communities on the ground. These good practices provide a pool of knowledge and experience from which we can all benefit. Many speakers have spoken about issues of multiple discrimination confronting many minorities and the importance to ensure that, for instance, the particular circumstances of women feature high on legislative and policy agendas and other measures are taken to ensure effective participation of minorities in economic life. The plight of domestic workers who are usually