E/CN.4/2006/73/Add.2 page 17 84. Despite the positive results achieved by such committees, however, the Special Rapporteur recommends that these individual measures should be backed up by more thorough structural actions in order to make a real impact on the problem. V. CONCLUSIONS 85. For Burkina Faso, which has a population of 11.5 million and about 3 million nationals living in Côte d’Ivoire, the unrest in the latter country has taken on enormous proportions, causing a humanitarian and economic crisis and serious human rights violations for returnees from Côte d’Ivoire and for the communities to which they have returned. 86. The situation of the returnees shows that they are deprived of some of their fundamental rights, such as socio-economic benefit entitlements in terms of employment, social security, health, housing, food and education. Most returnees are faced with conditions of extreme insecurity, which, especially in the case of the men, encourages them to return to Côte d’Ivoire, despite the insecure conditions that prevail there. Women who are left alone with their children are those who are most affected by the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire. The Special Rapporteur pays tribute to the great determination shown by these women to reorganize their lives and to defend their rights, despite the dramatic conditions with which they are confronted in their daily lives. 87. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the decision by the Government of Burkina Faso not to set up camps for returnees, instead pursuing a policy of encouraging socio-economic reintegration in the communities of origin. She notes, however, that once the first stage of humanitarian assistance has passed, a considerable effort must still be made to ensure the effective socio-economic resettlement of the returnees. 88. The consular protection afforded to Burkina Faso nationals in Côte d’Ivoire is inadequate. Three consulates are not enough to cater for the needs of 3 million Burkina Faso nationals living in Côte d’Ivoire, especially in view of the prevailing insecurity in that country. 89. Burkina Faso is at the same time a country of origin, of transit and of destination. Migrants that leave Burkina Faso head chiefly for neighbouring countries, especially Côte d’Ivoire. The Special Rapporteur wishes to note, however, that Burkina Faso is also tending to become a country of origin and transit to western countries. This mainly irregular migration is causing more and more problems, which the country is unable to resolve on its own but which require a framework of regional consultations and bilateral agreements with key countries (such as the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya), in order to ensure that irregular migrants are repatriated in dignified and humane conditions. In no event should migration issues be dealt with by security personnel alone. 90. A migration policy needs to be established, not only in order to manage irregular migration flows (including those transiting by Burkina Faso), but also in order to optimize the benefits which international migration can bring to the country’s development. Notions such as organizing the diaspora, promoting productive investments supported by government projects and joint development programmes have still not been incorporated in Burkina Faso’s institutional culture, despite the country’s historic tradition as a land of migration. Nevertheless, its citizens undertake initiatives to organize their lives outside the institutional framework and in this way are already contributing to their country’s development; one example of such initiatives