(Quran). Thus, after 48 years of independence, such a large group remains deprived of any kind of schooling. C – Slaves: a population of women and children. The situation of this part of the population looks even more dramatic when one realises that mostly women and children are slaves. Men often manage to escape captivity during or after adolescence. In this context it should be noted that women slaves are attached to their master and their land from an early age through their offspring, as the Arab-Berber slavery code legalizes for the master to sexually use all his female slaves, without any restrictions, and without taking into consideration the opinion or preliminary consent of the latter. Slavery is transferred through the matrilineal line, and hence children are not recognised any father, they automatically become slaves of their genitor and master. Living examples of this ordeal are placed before the courts of Mauritania, and courts perceive this sexual practice as legal and even sacred. Therefore, children of slaves have no chance to go to school. Those freed by the National Commission of Human Rights in Mauritania, SOS esclaves and the AFC in the course of the year 2008, amounting to 43 people, all women and children, largely prove this sad reality that public authorities do their best to hide. D- Public authorities and education of slaves and emancipated slaves (former slaves). Slaves, just as their children, have no civil status. For this reason, and another fundamental reason, which is the request of their masters to do domestic work – manual labor and labor under the sun, as such tasks are perceived as degrading by the dominant groups – their enrollment in school is a tremendous achievement. To illustrate this reality, we would like to tell the case of a director of the school of Nwar in the region of Tagant (Mohamed Ould Medellahi (case of the slaves of Ehel Saka) and the case of a director of the school of Ehel Nana in the region of Gorgol Abdou Ould Isselmou, among other testimonies. It should be noted that both witnesses have suffered threats from the masters and persecutions by the authorities for having testified before the press and organizations that defend human rights. The large slums or populous and impoverished ghettos surrounding the big cities of Mauritania, as well as the Adwaba (villages of slaves) in rural areas, are composed of former slaves who managed to leave their masters. But this numerous population, amounting to more than a million people according to estimations, is confronted with innumerable difficulties, including the disdain and stigmatization that are inherent to their status and go back to enslavement. This part of the Mauritanian society, despised by the social ideology of dominant groups is also marginalized by State policies, since it is a State where dominant groups hold the levers of political, economic, social, and cultural control without sharing them. Indeed, public authorities have no willingness to take specific measures in social and educational affairs to help this disadvantaged group, who are decaying under the weight of the stigmas of slavery. They are little inclined to seek to abolish